By expanding the TAM model, this paper aims to investigate the impact of organizations’ IT prespective in benefits of a technology and two widely recognized technology implementation success factors (information quality and system quality) on perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use for the adoption of big data analytics systems. To test the proposed research model, data was collected through a questionnaire survey sent to business managers of 700 firms in India. The value of this paper is in demonstrating the role of information quality and system quality on the perspective that users form about the benefits of the BDA system and perception of benefits impact on the perceived usefulness and ease of use of the BDA system, leading to more effective strategies for BDA system adoption. For the adoption of BDA systems, business managers should pay more attention to the quality and contextual features of information and systems involved.

This study aims to measure the intention of the University of Baghdad’s academics to conduct knowledge sharing behaviour. The study also opts to contribute towards addressing the significant gap in the literature on knowledge sharing practices within Iraqi higher education institutions; involving distinct management procedures, infrastructure, as well as cultural and political implications. The University of Baghdad academics’ intention to conduct knowledge sharing behaviour is measured by testing the theory of planned behaviour (Ajzen, 1991) three factors of intention determinants including; attitude towards knowledge sharing, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control. A survey questionnaire was distributed among a sample of 226 academics in the University of Baghdad whereas the collected data was analysed through the IBM software SPSS. the study findings provide a novel insight and contribute to bridging the literature gap by highlighting the intention of the University of Baghdad academics to conduct knowledge sharing behaviour. The outcome of this research may guide policy-makers in the concerned international organisations as well as in Iraqi higher education institutions by revealing the extent to which the University of Baghdad academics are prepared to conduct knowledge sharing behaviour, of which would assist in making informed decisions on knowledge sharing practices.

The purpose of this study is to examine, why and how adapting service-based working cultures could be prominent for organisational creativity and innovation. The analysis, entirely based on theoretical discussions, is made following the ideas and concepts of Complex Adaptive Systems theory and Service-Dominant Logic. The originality of the study lays on understanding the importance of organisational cultures as the key driver for managing creativity. The implications of adapting a service-based organisational culture will thus be examined, resulting in significant insight on how to develop creativity and innovation related management practices. This study offers both deliberation and practical advice for companies interested in enhancing creativity and innovation.

This paper aims to fill in the gap of investigating the relationship of strategy development and knowledge strategy and the integrating role of key strategy management tools and techniques between business strategy and knowledge strategy influenced by the culture the organization operates in. The paper first introduces different approaches of strategy development and the general process of developing an organizational strategy. It continues with the most used strategic management tools and techniques based on the results of the Bain & Company 15th Management Tools & Trends’ empirical survey. The most used management tools and techniques are also presented in details. The survey has been conducted in different countries and the results are summarized in different cultural clusters. Thus, the paper introduces the characteristics of these cultural clusters highlighting the similarities and differences among them. The comparative analysis in this case is rooted in the dimensions of Hofstede’s model of national culture. Furthermore, the paper discusses why the preferences in the usage of strategic management tools and techniques differ in these cultural clusters. This is followed by focusing on different knowledge strategies identified by De Toni et al. (2011). Besides the analysis of the differences of preferred knowledge strategies in different cultural clusters, the paper also aims to reveal the knowledge strategy being more effective in given cultural clusters. The paper helps practitioners and academics to understand the role of culture in the strategy development process and knowledge strategies implementation. Several papers have been dealing with management tools and techniques from a very technical perspective introducing empirical research results on how to use them in practice. Other papers analyze the values of the dimensions of national culture according to Hofstede’s database. However there is a lack of combination of these two fields and this paper highlights the importance of using management tools and techniques adequate to the cultural characteristics of the organizational environment. For strategic decision makers it is of high importance to take cultural differences also into consideration during the organizational and knowledge strategy development process. The paper helps leaders of multinational and international companies to understand why certain management tools and techniques are preferred in different cultures. Furthermore, an integrated view is provided for leaders on organizational and knowledge strategy development, on effectively applicable management tools and methods applied for the development process, and the adjustment of these strategies to each other.

Subversive advertising – or just subvertising, a word made by the words “subvert” and “advertising” (San Nicolas Romero, 2004) – deals with the lack of ethics in modern advertising and how has impacted young people, modifying the purchasing intentions and the refusal to continue shopping brands related with non-ethical practices (Aouina et al., 2011). Subvertising becomes the mean to generate awareness that allows clarifying the full range of practices of companies that use advertising. So people can display a model of respect for human rights, the environment, and freedom of expression and open a small way of alternative thoughts (Cortés, 2009). The study enables the hypothesis that there is greater resistance to continue consuming the products of a particular brand if the youth persons are exposed to a longer time of subvertising. An exploratory and descriptive research based on a pretest and post-test experiment shows the reaction of viewers to the subvertising, this allows determine the relationship between young people and these content. Exploratory study is generally used when the research question is not clear or when the available literature does not seem clear enough or directly related to the object of study (Aouina et al., 2011) or when the objective is to examine a issue or problem little studied, of which you have many questions (Hernandez Sampieri et al., 2007). An experiment where the impact of publicity against the impact of subvertising is important because we can determine whether exposure to the latter modifies the perception that young people have for brand advertising, letting know more about this phenomenon and how is evaluated for those affected by it. Joseph D. Rumbo (2002) found that young consumers goes against postmodernism, which is due to the saturation of advertising culture, having the feeling of be more and more invaded by the hyper-reality, a fantasy created by manufacturers to encourage to consume and marketers from large firms stimulate this with advertising (Firat & Venkatesh, 1995, p. 251), which for young people is not entirely true, because what companies want to show is different from what reality is.

Organizations seek to expand the utilization of social-software-solutions to boost collaboration among employees. However, the existing scientific data regarding the improvement of intra-organizational collaboration as a result of social software is not applicable for companies. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate corporate collaboration based on social software. It describes a holistic design model for intra-organizational collaboration based on social software by addressing relevant possible company goals and highlighting the advantages of integrating social software solutions into corporate communication. The model in this paper aims to take a variety of different variables into account and therefore consists of four main elements goals, functions, effects and collaboration which allow a detailed planning of social software supported collaboration as well as a strategically organization. Currently there are many social software solutions with different functions and functional characters. To choose the fitting one, the design model can be of use. It helps selecting the applying strategy respectively the applying solution. The design model presents the functional classes and possible support when attaining entrepreneurial goals. Thus it is possible to prioritize the function module and to plan ahead, as well as to evaluate when it comes to different types of social software based collaborations. This paper shows what kind of potential social software holds when used to support corporate communication and collaboration. The designed model enables businesses to structure and plan their implementation of social software and organize what kind of goals they want to achieve and which areas of their company they wish to connect. Thus, the model supports the growth of collaboration based on social software and is an important guideline for business that wish to transform themselves into an Enterprise 2.0.

Assets protection (mainly, people and properties) is a crucial topic for any bank. Anyway, even if protection of electronic money transactions and deposits gained big investments, physical protection of bank branches didn’t receive similar attention over recent years. This paper aims to propose an organizational and technological management platform able to manage a bank branch as a cyberspace remote controlled, with the twofold objective of increasing the degree of security and safety of the branch and reducing operational and management costs due to protection measures. We adopted a research method that consists of five phases, Risk identification. Identification of a set of threats from which bank branches must be protected. Risk assessment, Definition of a Risk Function for bank branches. Identification of appropriate actions to reduce risks, identification of technological and organizational protection measures to minimize values of the risk function. Definition of the risk model, Definition of a model able to classify each kind of threat, to determine the degree of risk and suggest appropriate protection measures. Definition of a cybersecurity platform, Definition of a platform aimed to remotely control and manage the set of protection measures of the branch. Results of the project led to the definition of a cybersecurity platform in the form of an innovative, integrated and adaptive knowledge management platform for the security management of bank branches. The branch becomes a cyberspace where the proposed platform, by means of an integrated network of sensors (e.g. motion detection, gesture recognition, smart face recognition, chemical/electronic sniffer, geometry alteration, contact sensors, etc), is able to detect and measure real-time risk of attacks (crimes), and to indicate appropriate countermeasures. Results represent a valuable support to the re-engineering of the bank branches. The cybersecurity platform is able to improve the performance of the bank in terms of, Increased efficiency, achieved through optimization of technological resources and reduction of costs directly related to the deployment of protection and preventive measures (number of armed guards, number of sensors, number of individuals in charge of monitoring the camera images, armour and metal grates, compensations for physical and moral damage to be paid to employees and customers, etc.). Increased effectiveness, through the significant reduction of “false positives” attacks and the implementation of appropriate countermeasures to real attacks.

An information extracting and modelling strategy, based in big data analytics, aimed to evaluate in a (semi-)automated manner, the Mexican government data, analysing the pertinence, quality, usability and organization in the open data of the Mexican government. We propose a detailed study of the formats, structure, temporality, uniformity, ease of access, available tools, to determine the openness degree of the data of the Mexican government. Additionally, the results obtained from the study, will be useful for the modelling and evaluation of the information to design and implement the strategies of analysis of the open government data, using big data analytics advanced techniques. This methodology puts in evidence the feasibility of the categories defined by the research group, “Seminario de Investigación de gobierno abierto y big data”. Lastly we diagnose the Mexican government open data using big data analytics tools. The outcome will be the application of big data analytics tools to open data susceptible to be applied to data from developing countries government. The modelling of the data will be the starting point for the design and implementation of the data analysis strategies to be applied to open government data through the use of big data analytics advanced tools.

The proposed research work is intended to support a methodological development of digital 3D reconstruction by investigating (a) scenarios and practices for the employment of digital 3D reconstruction and visualization methods and approaches for scientific research in visual humanities, (b) to identify requirements and recommendations for digital tools, and (c) to develop and evaluate how to educate on the use of digital 3D reconstruction and visualization methods in visual humanities. The proposed paper presents preliminary results as well as research prospects from previous and ongoing work in which our department is involved in and which deal with various aspects of 3D reconstruction, primarily in the context of visual humanities. Research methods and approaches mainly derive from social sciences as for example social network analysis, quantitative and qualitative content analysis, and Grounded Theory. Moreover, various methods from usability engineering as well as from business informatics are employed. An overarching objective of our research work is to draw a currently outstanding “big picture” on digital 3D reconstruction and visualization and related “knowledge” issues by combining both theoretically and practically grounded research parts as well as including multi-disciplinary perspectives. Against this background, this article is intended to provide a structured overview of previous and future research activities within our department as well as preliminary results. With regards to the described activities, an intended outcome of the proposed research work is to contribute to a comprehensive discourse on a unique epistemology of digital 3D reconstruction in visual humanities as well as to deliver related practically tested implications for software design and education as well as methodological and organizational settings.

Although intangible benefits of information systems (IS) can seriously contribute to organizational success (Remenyi et al., 2007), their poor assessment can falsely dismiss IS as uneconomic (Kim et al., 2010; Marsh and Flanagan, 2000). Despite rich research in the field of IS justification (see Schryen, 2013), it seems that this effort yields insufficient outcomes. Organizations still struggle with finding reasons why to invest (or not to) in IS and what benefits such investment will bring, and researchers report lack of knowledge of justification methods (Bernroider et al., 2014). Therefore, this study reviews the past IS justification research with the attention on intangible benefits. As the research of IS justification has broadened and dispersed, mainly literature review studies were analysed. The reviews were identified by various ad-hoc database search queries and by backward and forward citation search. Subsequently, relevant review articles were narratively reviewed with focus on types of methods and possibilities for further research. Finally, according to analysis, taxonomy of methods was designed and further research directions were suggested. This study is the first attempt of justification methods taxonomy since Irani and Love (2002) study. The taxonomy can be used in future research efforts helping researchers to navigate through the domain. Besides, it synthetizes reviews helping another researchers to quickly orient in the research domain as it analyses recent research development in the IS justification field. Practitioners can use this research in order to gain more knowledge about justification methods, as the knowledge of this field is not very spread in companies. This research identified five categories of IS justification methods, financial, strategic, analytic, multi-criteria, process. The ability of most methods to justify intangible benefits of information systems is rather low or non-existent. With current justification methods, companies are unable to properly justify information systems that provide many intangibles. Therefore, instead on focusing on developing other new methods, more effort should be directed into gaining more insight into the practice of justification process in order to understand the reasons why companies struggle to evaluate intangible benefits of information systems.

The purpose of this paper is explore if human resource flexibility (HR flexibility) facilitates the development of organizational ambidexterity (OA), which in turn brings positive effects on firm performance. We proposed a quantitative approach. The theoretical model and the hypotheses proposed were tested using a sample of 100 Spanish hotels. We chose the hotel industry because their dynamism requires companies to have to anticipate (exploration learning) and the sectorial hostility forces the firms to offer good price (learning exploitation). This paper represents a valuable contribution to the literature in several ways. Firstly, this research advances in the understanding the factors that stimulate the OA. It determines the extent to which Human Resource Flexibility influences organizations to develop, simultaneously, learning exploration and exploitation. This “micro” approach about the OA complements the current literature about this topic. Secondly, this paper provides empirical evidence on the relationship between OA and performance. And thirdly, the results obtained allow us advance in the understanding the relationship between Human Resource Flexibility and performance. Our findings demonstrate that the relationship between these two variables is not direct. This relationship is mediated by OA. This conclusion can be a reference for further research in this area. The practical implications that emerge from this paper are the following. The conclusions of the research demonstrate that the ability of the firm to follow, at the same time, exploration and exploitation learning, has a positive effect on organizational performance, and the HR flexibility is an antecedent factor in this process. This is a conception of HR flexibility that would be placed within the paradigm of organizational dynamic capabilities. More precisely, a need would exist to encourage behavioral flexibility; that is, to develop all those employees’ ability to adapt their responses and actions to any new circumstances which might eventually arise in the workplace. This behavioral flexibility will be viable as long as skill flexibility is previously developed; in other words, employees need to be versatile in order to perform different tasks and/or functions, and they must also be given the opportunity to develop new skills in the future. Finally, the human resource management has to implement people management practices which can easily adapt to any potential organizational contingencies.

Customers and their requirements are increasingly influencing product development and production processes and at the same time products are becoming more and more individualized. Thus, individualization is no longer restricted to the final products; it increasingly influences all process of companies. New strategies and methods for an effective and flexible management of the production system are needed that include a certain agile approach to personnel planning and deployment. Existing approaches do not meet these requirements of dynamic production environments. We propose an approach which allows connecting flexible process networks with a model-based dynamic competence management. The flexibility of the process network, used for all enterprise processes in the company, is created by a modular framework for the process description. Flexibility in this case means, that the structures can be easily changed for every customer order. This approach offers the possibility to describe required skills in relation to processes and to assign them to employees, so that the planning of the needed staff does not remain on fixed role concepts and offers an increased degree of freedom in planning. Competence management largely relies on competence profiles of individual employees. These profiles are matched to specific positions, thus the flexibility to engage personnel in cross-position tasks is impeded. A decoupling from individuals and the compilation of competence-based reference models is a significant step towards agile human resource management in flexible production systems. The organizational and production process automation is progressed in terms of the deployment of personnel controlled by the process itself. Furthermore, the human resource development is enhanced via process controlled coaching and mentoring, where idle capacity of personnel is assigned to tasks for transferring implicit knowledge additionally. The combination of flexible process networks and dynamic human resource management leads to increases in productivity, effectiveness and implies new approaches e.g. under the constraints of Industry 4.0. Especially in combination with models of flexible working and the resulting new forms of employment the employees are actively involved in the future by bringing in all of their skills which leads to an increase of their individual responsibility. Furthermore, this approach could be a solution to counter the demographic change, as the required competences for the considered processes are referenced to the respective personnel along with demographic data.

Knowledge work (KW) has risen to a significant role in modern societies, leading to an increasing number of the knowledge workers. Digitalization changes the work life, challenging individuals representing different professions as well as organisations. KW and the traditional professions are changing in many ways, opening up new vistas. The purpose of this paper is to analyse and compare the enablers and restraints of KW in different professions, the medical practice, the clergy, the legal profession and the teachers. The paper seeks the KW enablers and restraints similar or different when digitalization changes inevitably the ways of working. The theoretical background for the paper is addressed by the concepts of professions and KW and certain professions. The empirical data was gathered with unstructured interviews using a narrative interview method. Questions were open so that the situations were similar to a discussion. The interviewer posed further questions to deeper the interviewee’s answers and to build the continuity of the interview upon them. Using the narrative interview method meant that the researcher tried not to influence or lead the interviewee to a significant extent and the differences and similarities could be seen as they are perceived by the respondents This methodology puts in evidence on similarity of working habits, socio-technical systems and work-flows of within and between professions. The originality of the study is laid on the unique comparison of different professional groups and the parallel analysis. The paper concludes by discussing the enablers and the restraints of KW in the era of digitalization in the chosen professions. The paper also builds profession related taxonomy of key findings and discusses those from the managerial perspective.

To find tools and methods to research networking process of the knowledge creation, development and sharing The creation and management of knowledge has become a central concern to business and management, both as a source of value and as an opportunity to achieve and sustain competitive advantage We propose an approach to analyse the current situation with networking as a key factor for knowledge creation. This methodology puts in evidence several examples of successful profiting from using of knowledge by high-tech companies and organizations The outcomes of the application can be used in business environment by high-tech companies and organizations for building up, development and using their technologies

This conceptual paper addresses the nature of value creation in professional service firms (PSFs). An extensive number of scholars have been looking at PSFs within law, consulting and engineering to understand knowledge as sources of competitive advantage. A dominant part of this literature build on agency theory to suggest that information asymmetry is an important characteristic and precondition of value creation in professional services. This paper identifies a contradiction in the notion of information asymmetry in reference to professional services firms. The paper reviews theoretical contributions explaining the value creation processes in PSFs. While the context of professional services might be considered marginal in reference to agency theory, knowledge has been identified as one of the key sources of competitive advantage in the 21st century, and understanding how to develop and leverage such sources of advantage has gained extensive interest. In addition, the context of knowledge intensive and professional services has been referred to as extreme and strategically relevant to understand knowledge based value creation. We argue that it is necessary to revisit the assumption of information asymmetry for two main reasons, First, any asymmetry that is proposed to exist is that of knowledge rather than information. Secondly, value creation in the context of PSFs is characterized by mutuality rather than asymmetry as co-production with clients as a core component in PSFs value creation. While PSFs might have superior esoteric professional knowledge, buyers often have superior knowledge of their own context and problem. Both of these types of knowledge are relevant in the value creation in PSFs due to the contextual and customized nature of the services they provide. Two important contributions are suggested in the paper, First, the characteristics of value creation of PSFs should be revised and extended by the inclusion of knowledge asymmetry and mutuality. This is important for practitioners in that the co-operative and mutual nature of value creation needs to be recognized and nurtured, which has impact of the conduct of both suppliers and buyers of professional services. Secondly, this more complex nature of value creation needs to be recognized from an institutional perspective in that the certification of professionals should incorporate and promote the mutuality and the importance of client needs while at the same time emphasising esoteric professional knowledge and attitude and the desire to deliver what is objectively best for the client.

For decades, education has generally been viewed as an effective instrument for social mobility. Education has always taken different forms in time and space, chasing and pursuing goals and objectives, crossing human societies. Structured around their actors – the apprentice and the master; the student and the teacher; the trainee and the trainer – education as a socially constructed product is influenced by social changes, while its embodiments can influence directly in those mutations. Those changes are thus a consequence of ideological, material and social conditions in which education is produced and the role that society commits it in the construction of the society itself, defining it and giving it its own rationality, structuring and justifying even their existence: education as a form of acquisition, development and transmission of knowledge changes individual and collective thinking and acting, to the service of the development of individuals and societies. In the current “global and totalitarian society” (Ramonet, 1997), characterized by mass production and mass-enjoyment of the results of productive activity, the function of “school” has changed. Today it is expected that the school not only contributes to the development of citizenship but most particularly that “produces” socially useful citizens, i.e. citizens that are able to enter into the labour market and respond to requests that it imposes. Education must produce individuals able to be in a constant state of employability. However, in Portugal, since the late 2010s the situation is the reverse and the country faces an increasing number of university graduates who do not get any recognition by the market and which thickens the ranks of unemployed in the country. Simultaneously, many thousands of higher education graduates, including doctoral ones, seek emigration in the achievement of its objectives: have adequate work to their academic qualification, leading to an exodus of highly skilled labour. Based on official data on unemployment of graduates, including by scientific areas and ages, and the highly skilled emigration, this article questions the employability of different scientific areas of higher education and discuss the educational and economic policies that generate a real brain drain in Portugal in the last decade.

This paper and the associate conference presentation review the initial findings of a PhD study in Professional Education, a mixed method, interdisciplinary project which aims to contribute to research on interdisciplinary pedagogy related to both teaching and enabling creativity. The research focuses on Creativity and the Creative Industries, the final module of City University London’s Masters in Innovation, Creativity and Leadership (MICL), an interdisciplinary Higher Education (HE) Masters designed for mature students with managerial experience. The module’s teaching includes collaborative, experiential arts workshops (eg drama, classical music, improvisation and art) to support the students’ group and individual artistic projects and final reflective journal and report. The paper outlines these theoretical propositions which inform the study’s data analysis (Yin, 2008, p.18): That the module’s learning processes are artistic, unfamiliar, disruptive, embodied experiences That the students create an applied understanding of their learning through reflection and personal narrative That critical incidents in the students’ personal narratives will be expressed through metaphors of personal and professional identity That both narrative (eg James and Brookfield, 2014, p.106, citing Kűbler-Ross’s (1997) Change Curve) and personal change models (eg Heron, 1992, p. 122) will usefully inform the analysis.

Purpose In this study we discuss ‘learning through work’ in the context of the co-creative practices of arts-based initiatives (Schiuma, 2011) within a form of encounter called ‘Learning Jam’ in work based practice (Pässilä, & Oikarinen, 2014). This leads to the main research question; what are the ingredients of this creative, transformative learning space? Design/methodology/approach The discussion of polyphonic understanding is grounded in one of a series of Learning Jam events, which were co-created by practitioners and academics exploring the value of their own work based practice through the lenses of arts based initiatives (ABI’s). The unit of analysis in the study is the evaluation process undertaken through the frame of Schiuma´s (2011) Arts-Value Matrix. Originality/value The central idea of the matrix is that the potential effects of arts-based initiatives in an organization relate both to people and to organizational infrastructure. In this context learning as a part of knowledge management is conceptualised in the broad sense of collaborative action in which ABI’s are coupled with research-based theater (Pässilä, et al., 2013; Adams & Owens, forthcoming 2015) to create forms of work-based learning with transformative potential. Teaching in this context demands reflexive and dialogical capabilities for those who hold the role of organizing and facilitating spaces for learning and transformation. We discuss this by Rancierre´s critical theory. Practical implications When analyzing the Learning Jam we realised the need to question the relationship between ‘teacher’ and ‘student’ as traditionally configured, and the parallel relationship between ‘performer’ and ‘audience’. We take these questions further by discussing equality as a way to create a space when the main idea is to lean on to something which is not yet. Reflection and imagination are underlined as relevant elements of learning through work. In the conclusion the back story of this type of learning and the pedagogical philosophy on which it is based is framed.

Purpose – The article’s purpose is to review and classify the recent body of literature concerning the potentially beneficial effects of arts’ on management. We differentiate modalities of arts’ expected influence on management and build a typology of anticipated effects of exposing management to arts. By identifying the desired results of art and management merger, we pinpoint the pressing shortcomings of the latter. Methodology/Approach – It is a speculative paper based on the qualitative analysis of literature. The paper analyzes the explicit and implicit meanings of terms and the context of their usage. Paradoxes, equivocations and contradictions are being exposed and discussed. Originality / Value – The emerging field of art and management gathers a lot of valuable insights stemming both from academia and from business practitioners. The growing body of knowledge, however, lacks conceptual clarity; omnipresent equivocations prevent the development of the field and its move to the next level. We claim there are three modalities of influence that art is expected to exert on management. First, exposure of the realm of management to arts is believed to produce direct benefits. Art here is believed to be an „active ingredient”, which should by itself positively influence managerial process, managers or managed institutions. Second, art is believed to serve as an analogy that brings about insights about what management is (descriptive analogy) or should be (normative analogy). The third way of harnessing arts to managerial improvements is by treating it as a catalyst: art is added to an ongoing process in order to accelerate or facilitate it. Researchers and practitioners urge various expectations about art applied to management. We classify the main effects of exposing management to art and identify the assumptions about art connected with each effect respectively. Practical Implications – Deeper and subtler understanding of the art-management link will help business practitioners better respond to the uncertainties they face and chose the forms of Arts-Based Initiatives that better match the particularities of their situation.

So often the discussion centres around is KM working? Isn’t it time to ask that question? Evidence in Case studies can help not polarise discussions but create an empirical viewpoint that it needs repair, tweaking and perhaps rethink..This article provides an overview and attempts to provide evidence on the state of affairs of KM. objectives, goals attained with some benchmarking. There is hope in creating the context of organisations that have successfully implemented complex knowledge management programmes and lessons that have been learnt.. There was and still is the belief that knowledge is stored on hard drives, books, libraries, learned people and is piece meal shared to prevent an erosion of power! The Cases represent one in Disaster Management and the other in Real Estate. Disaster as always is unable to manage its damage control and several pieces that otherwise function seem to fall apart. Real Estate has its complexities in variables that are ever changing.A Model that is seamless and can be used in any business that sees itself as a service will amply summarise this in terms of representation. The success and failure factors show how the paradigms of links and being apart with evidence are a conjoint. Purpose The purpose is to help create acceptable parameters and a set of models that will determine the success and failure case studies in Knowledge Management and its governing principles. Design/methodology/approach We have conducted publication research, conduct interviews, used other research methods and included both present and historical information. We also chose ISO awarded firms to look at empirical data. We adopted some existing models that are used Originality/value This methodology puts in evidence models of predictability, assessment and evaluation to gauge the purpose, objectives and outcomes of KM action plans, research studies and Business strategies that would emerge accordingly Practical implications The outcomes of the application is to isolate intuitive factors and base decisions for KM best practices to determine the winning combination of success factors using case method approach and deriving roving factors, variable factors and fixed