Over the last decades, supply chain management has undergone a profound transformation, driven not only by rapid technological advancements but also by the increasing complexity and globalization of markets, the growing volatility of demand, and the emergence of new competitive, environmental, and institutional pressures that require greater efficiency, transparency, and adaptability. In this context, Artificial [...]

Reverse logistics originated from different needs and began to emerge as early as the mid-twentieth century. Since then, its importance and relevance have grown significantly. Companies are now dedicating more resources and investment to this process, recognising it as a critical component of the supply chain. Reverse logistics not only contributes to the economic value [...]