The increasing importance of renewable energy and circular economy approaches has made biogas an important technology in sustainable energy generation and waste management (Uddin and Wright, 2023). In this respect, the application of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in improving the efficiency and management of anaerobic digesters has become increasingly popular (Ananda et al., 2025). While there has been considerable research activity in this field, a systematic understanding of its progress has not yet been achieved. This research aims to fill this gap by performing a systematic literature review (SLR) based on PRISMA criteria (Page et al., 2021). A total of 131 articles has been selected from Scopus and Web of Science databases for analysis during the period 2010–2025. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the literature using a combination of bibliometric and thematic analysis. Findings indicate a significant increase in the number of publications in recent years, confirming the growing scientific and practical interest in the topic. Moreover, there is a dominance of technical or engineering studies with a multidisciplinary yet fragmented body of literature, highlighting the evolving nature of the research field. From the thematic analysis, three major groups of studies were identified, which include: i) strategic and sustainability-oriented applications, focusing on techno-economic and environmental assessment; ii) operational optimisation, where AI is used to improve process efficiency, prediction, and control; iii) advanced computational modelling, centred on the development of hybrid and data-driven algorithms. The findings highlight that AI and ML are primarily used to enhance predictive accuracy and operational performance, while their potential as decision-support tools at strategic and organisational levels remains underexplored. Accordingly, the study proposes a research agenda emphasising the need to integrate AI into decision-making processes, improve data-driven management practices, and develop more holistic and interdisciplinary approaches to biogas system management.