Background: Physicians’ Dual Practice (PDP), defined as the concurrent provision of public and private healthcare services by the same physician, presents significant managerial challenges for public healthcare institutions. Its effective governance requires balancing public service obligations with private sector incentives.
Objective: This study aims to develop a comprehensive conceptual business model framework to support the development of PDP within public hospitals. The framework combines regulatory analysis, market evaluation, and the application of the Business Model Canvas (BMC) methodology.
Methods: An inductive approach was adopted, featuring a case study of Policlinico Tor Vergata (PTV), a major university hospital in Italy. The research integrates regulatory context analysis, K-means clustering for market segmentation, and the structured application of the BMC to assess and guide PDP management. Artificial Intelligence (AI) was examined as a strategic enabler to optimize operational processes.
Results: The findings underscore the centrality of regulatory frameworks, organizational governance models, and market dynamics in shaping PDP strategies. Clustering analysis revealed distinct strategic profiles among public healthcare organizations. Furthermore, the study highlights the pivotal role of AI technologies in optimizing waiting lists and balancing public-private service delivery.
Conclusion: By developing a structured and adaptable business model, this study provides actionable insights for policymakers and hospital administrators seeking to enhance the effectiveness of PDP initiatives. The integration of regulatory compliance, market responsiveness, and digital innovation emerges as essential for transforming PDP into a lever for strategic institutional development and improved healthcare delivery.