Performance measurement and management represents a strategic system employed by public sectors to assess outcomes for public organisations and aid decision-making processes. Despite the contributions of numerous management scholars to the scientific literature on healthcare, there remains a notable gap in understanding how the healthcare sector develops these systems for outcome management. Through an exploratory case study conducted within a leading health service, this paper endeavors to shed light on the development of performance measurement and management systems for outcome management. Initial findings reveal a sophisticated performance measurement and management system tailored to support decision-makers, facilitating the monitoring of healthcare services delivered by Italian public and accredited private hospitals. It assists in programmatic, organisational, and at times clinical decision-making processes, while also promoting audit activities and timely corrective measures. This paper enhances understanding of these key systems, however, it should be viewed as a first foundation for future research in this area. Future research may compare the design, implementation, and use of different national outcome programs.