A shift toward more sustainable production and consumption patterns is crucial. The fashion industry is responsible for negative environmental and social impacts along the value chain. Thereby, the fashion industry is one of the priority areas of intervention in the sustainability agenda. Recently, the literature has devoted much space to the analysis of sustainable fashion consumption. Some literature reviews on sustainable fashion have been published recently. However, these focused on a specific consumption stage. Multiple alternatives to make, use, and dispose of fashion products sustainably are available among all consumption stages and an analysis of the determinants of consumer behavior for each option is missing so far. Such knowledge would be useful for a deeper understanding of sustainable consumption in the fashion industry, to define a holistic picture of the reasons that favor or discourage the adoption of sustainable behaviors for each phase of consumption. This study aims to fill this gap by systematically reviewing the literature related to sustainable consumer behavior in the fashion industry. A product life cycle approach is adopted by analyzing consumers’ perceptions and the influencing factors of consumer behavior towards the sustainable options existing for each stage (i.e., production, use, and disposal). Specifically, these sustainable options can belong to the phase of garment choice (i.e., before consumer usage), the garment usage (i.e., during consumer usage), and when the consumer ceases to use the garment (i.e., after consumer usage). The research string used to collect articles was created by mixing keywords related to three main domains: consumer behavior, sustainability, and the fashion industry. The research string was launched on Scopus and Web of Science databases on 31st December 2022. After a series of screening following exclusion criteria, a final sample of 216 articles was included in the review. Results show many factors driving or hindering sustainable consumer behavior. The main barriers to sustainable consumption are high price, skepticism, stereotypes, lack of knowledge, availability, and efforts to access product/service. Furthermore, consumers’ environmental concerns and awareness seem to play a secondary role in the decision process. Conversely, high-quality, comfort, and style of garments, together with new emerging technologies and services, can positively contribute to sustainable consumption. Social media can help shift toward sustainable consumption practices, favoring the spread of sustainable knowledge and awareness among consumers. A future research agenda and several implications for managers are provided.