Purpose – Companies are trying to respond to the increasing uncertainty and complexity in various ways. Development of open innovation and networking have already been well documented; they are based on the notion that tackling challenges in contemporary business environments demands a recognition of a shift in competitive factors from the company and industry level […]

Purpose – In this study the complex environments are approached with help of the concepts distance and proximity. The distance between innovating partners presents both a problem and an opportunity. This study is interested in what kind of distances there are in complex environments. In attempts to create innovation, different kinds of distances would need […]