Innovative concepts and technologies for citizen participation have become key components of Smart Cities concepts. Smartness of cities cannot be reduced anymore to IT infrastructures and communication networks, but needs to comprehend smart interaction between citizens too. Based on the new U_CODE approach for citizen participation in urban development, this paper presents User Engagement Protocols (UEP) that are able to concert the a broad variety of activities and contributors to urban co-design projects. In analogy to music scores where “protocols” for individual players are derived from a Master Score, specific UEP can be deduced for all stakeholders and user groups from a comprehensive choreography of the entire participation process. The paper presents the methodical steps that lead to the establishment of this master protocol, as well as to specific UEP for Citizens, Expert Planners, Authorities, or Faciliators. It demonstrates how U_CODE manages to coordinate co-creative activities of a multiplicity of participants with its new methodology and digital tools.

This paper aims to explore the role of knowledge developed within Open Innovation Platforms (OIPs) – i.e. internal knowledge – in supporting the initiatives launched online. The paper uses a quantitative methodology based on two regression analyses and data collection was done through four well-known OIPs. The final sample consists of 212 projects. In this study we adopt a knowledge-based perspective and consider OIPs as knowledge platforms. We coded internal knowledge based on two levels of analysis: backers (prior OI experiences) and OIPs (community size). The findings demonstrate the influence of internal knowledge on the success of projects launched on OIPs. Both our explanatory variables – i.e. internal knowledge at the backers level and at the OIPs level – have a positive impact on the outcomes of the initiatives. We measured the success of initiatives through two dependent variables, i.e. the number of ideas submitted and the number of backers involved. This study provides insights on successful drivers of OI mechanism and it could be able to provide valid information for different actors. The paper also contributes to the current debate on the role of knowledge in the OI context and sheds some light on the nascent research field related to OIPs.

Ecosystems are of growing significance in research and industry business practice. Definitely, they will change the way how managers perceive central aspects such as strategy, business models, innovation, organization, and competition. There is still a lack of research on the question of how firms can design and integrate different types of ecosystems based on predominant possibilities and purposes. This paper depicts framework of main types of ecosystems and shows how and why these distinct types are being used. These insights lead to propositions for researchers as well as implications for practitioners. Finally, it intends to produce several pathways for future research on open innovation platform ecosystem orchestrators, development and governance.

The Health Technology Information (HTI) is an important driver for change for the health sector. The evolution of HIT impacts directly on the health system. Health Information Technology is defined as “the application of information processing involving both computer hardware and software that deals with the storage, retrieval, sharing, and use of health care information, data, and knowledge for communication and decision making” (Thompson and Brailer, 2004; Payton et.al, 2011). The main electronic software of HIT is health records (EHR longitudinal), health medical records (EMR) and electronic prescribing. It can be expected that the utilization of HIT could lead to care coordination and improved outcomes. In this article the purpose is to make in evidence the creation processes di new knowledge thought the HIT tools. Also, we make a review of the scientific studies on the implementation of the different health information technologies. Consequently, this study may fill the gaps that previous studies may have encountered due to the timing of the studies prior to EHR – EMR implementation. The involved sample is the Scientific Institutes (IRCCS) located in Italy and specifically in the Sicily Region.

OECD’s countries in the last 15 years are changing their public management systems (Keating, 2001). The diffusion of the New Public Management philosophy (Gruening, 2001; OECD, 2010; Pollitt & Bouckaert, 2000) determine an increasing innovation in the public field. Innovation management is relevant to improving and increasing performance in healthcare organizations (Dey, Hariharan, & Ho, 2009; Fleuren, Paulussen, Van Dommelen, & Van Buuren, 2014). Moreover, this is strictly connected with an efficient accounting and information system able to process, store and share data (H. Xu, 2011). In Italy, each Local Health Authority (ASL) adopts a different innovation program defined by the Region of reference. In Piedmont from 2016, the HTH system is used which presents various possibilities for analyzing and managing patient data with pathological addictions (Regione Piemonte, 2015). In the management of clinical pathways, the management of data and the use of shared platforms among healthcare professionals brings about a better concentration on the need expressed in terms of care and improving its efficiency (Leape et al., 2009). The management of high volumes of users requires the appropriateness of the care and definition of those useful and functional data to increase performance; in this sense, observations are made more and more necessary concerning the granularity of the data (Biancone, Secinaro, & Brescia, 2018). In the diagnostic and therapeutic path knowledge acquires a determining role for the well-being of the community of reference. The knowledge we refer to assets comprised, traditionally, human capital, structural or organizational capital, and relational or social, and often they are summarized in the holistic notion of intellectual capital (IC) (Marr et al., 2004; Schiuma et al., 2008). The theoretical GAP detected relates to the granularity and the type of information contained in the electronic health record whose influence and impact on the different aspects of the IC are unknown (H. Xu, 2011). This paper contributes on the cycle of innovation and join the theory of rational administration based on the budget. Our analysis will focus on the case study of the department of dependencies of the Local Health Authority “City of Turin”. The data management system matches the needs of national information through the annual report to the Italian and international Parliament through the comparison in Europe of data dependencies.

In recent years, positive correlations between some factors of collaborative group task processes and the increasing of collective intelligence (CI) have been presented. This work introduces an hypothesis that argues the existence of a new factor of positive influence for the increasing of collective intelligence in collaborative group tasks operating in cooperative environments: self-determination. Therefore, we present an argumentation based on Cooperative Multiagent Systems that spotlights the significance of self-determination in these particular environments. Furthermore, we also introduce a preliminary design of an experimental setup and a methodological framework for validating the hypothesis empirically in human organizations. Our propose consists on measuring, on the one hand, the level of self-determination from the individuals that participate on the decision-making processes, and on the other hand, on measuring the level of collective intelligence achieved by performing collaborative group task. Finally, we propose to use statistical analysis to explore if there are positive correlations between self-determination and collective intelligence in cooperative environments, such as collaborative organizations.

The aim of this paper is to describe and analyse a best practice event organized and managed by the Italian Public Administration concerning the achievement of UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Specifically, we are going to answer the following research questions: RQ1, Which approach is the most appropriate for the management of highly complex events and inter-institutional projects?; RQ2, Which is the connection between 2030 Agenda and great events? Large-scale events, which are characterized by a dynamic complexity involving different national public administrations and institutional levels, require a special attention in selecting an adequate event management systems. For this reason, after a detailed literature review on network management, this chapter aims to define the basics of a theoretical framework useful to understand collaboration among several actors, considering that participative approaches should help achieve outcomes in a more effective way. Furthermore, this paper explores the concept of sustainable development and focuses on the traditional elements of social, environmental and economic pillars within context of planned events. Given the objective of this work, the analysis of a best practice event will be useful to identify the main variables, in terms of sustainable strategic planning, execution and control, required to achieve the greatest level of efficiency in terms of cost optimisation and quality of service delivery, also exhorting the Italian public sector to look for a structural renewal, to better use its available resources, as well as to foster a global sustainable growth. From this point of view, a relevant experience is the case of the Extraordinary Jubilee of Mercy, coordinated by the Prefect of Rome, explored in the last section of the paper. Indeed, the latter, decided to adopt actions consistent with sustainability standards, thanks to the design of an inter-institutional network and the engagement of institutions at different levels. The Prefect of Rome achieved, in a very short term, three main results: coordination of the activities of the working groups (SDG 17, “Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the Global Partnership for Sustainable Development”); integration of internal and external surveillance and communication systems (SDG 9, “Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable and foster innovation”); collaboration with higher education institutions to acquire and disseminate knowledge (SDG 4, “Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all”). To systemise and combine the outcomes of these processes, as well as to analyse their consistency with sustainable development, the System Thinking technique was used.

Alumni are one of the most important assets of the universities and their role and place in the university is more often becoming matter of scientific discussion. Author suggests universities to apply systems thinking and look at the wider environment and interactions of various subsystems, alumni community being one of them. Many authors discuss Higher Education and Research Institution (further HERI) customers and their segmenting (Weaver, 1976; Juran, 1988; Conway, Mackay and Yorke, 1994; Kotler and Fox, 1995; Pereira and Silva, 2003; del Barrio-García and Luque-Martínez, 2009; Taiwo, 2010). The research approves that alumni are HERI customers not only at the particular moment when they purchase HERI services but also continuously (Kotler and Fox, 1995; Heckman and Guskey, 1998; Taiwo, 2010). Alumni as customer lifecycle is adapted to classical customer lifecycle and merged with Alumni Triple Helix Segmentation. The alumni lifetime engagement is cyclic and with each cycle, it aims for deeper engagement and closer ties, more personal relationship and higher investment in the university. Alumni knowledge management exploits the concept of alumni being customer – that changes attitudes and perspectives towards the strategic activities and knowledge that HERI intends to manage in alumni matters.

The overall aim of this paper is to provide knowledge on the importance of systems thinking as strategic in understanding organisational community systems. If “systems” literature can be complex and inaccessible since there are many different approaches to and ways of understanding systems thinking, the article explores the theory and practice behind the use of systems approaches in tackling public challenges as they represents a different way of looking at the world. The latter is understood as an open, complex set of systems that are social ecosystems themselves but are interconnected to external environments. The starting point is the recognition that all individuals consist of and are part of multiple interconnecting systems – biological, social, organisational. The systems thinking approach takes this recognition and makes use of it as the basis for understanding and changing the world. It also sees the relationships within and between systems as crucially important by recognising that there is huge complexity in these relationships. These open systems need to keep evolving and learning, as if they are micro organizations, in relation to changes and needs of multiple stakeholders. Systems become, then, learning organizations. In essence, systems thinking is a worldview; merely, an attitude of inquiry and reflection. Thinking and working, in ways that recognise the interconnectedness of the community, is the first step to being able to make the systemic changes that community residents expect to see. The proposed approach is firstly based on the review of the literature available on systems change following systems thinking as its precursor, and collaborative community governance. In order to testify the suggested research question, this paper is based on a case-study approach (Yin R.K. 2005, 2006, 2009, 2013) whose value resides in allowing an in-depth investigation of complex issues in their natural real-life settings. It provides not only phenomena’s insights but practical challenges in understanding the case as an integrated whole. In particular, starting from the relevant scientific literature, this paper aims at creating a relationship between evidence from the scientific literature review and facts provided by the case-study so to highlight the levers and main featuring aspects that make a specific organisational model. This will help acknowledging the underlying elements for a first possible theoretical framework to explain how sustainable development of communities and territories can be achieved through the perspective of systems change. Starting from the consideration that the underlying values of PORTA FUTURO BARI are transparency, reliability, ethics, solidarity, cooperation, talent and creativity’s enhancement, the originality of this paper is related to the value of the experiment itself, which has an impact on the community and the metropolitan territory as a whole. Originality is also given by the approach used to explain the unfolding dynamics of community organisation aimed at delivering development through the perspective of systems change that leverages on some variables present within that system such as power/authority, communication, relationships (social capital) and modelling capacity. The paper will tell if, first of all, such an experiment at the local level is successful in creating an urban hub that is a community platform where people are empowered to make change of the systems where they are embedded in. Hence, to understand if the local community is able to design and promote the building of sustainable actions, practices and organisations that offer new opportunities for participation and engagement of peoples, for sharing and integrating spaces, resources and values for knowledge creation, for co-creating value through co-producing people for a collaborative-driven urban development.

This paper aims to review and critique the Knowledge Management (KM) literature within Entrepreneurial universities, providing an overview of the results of a content analysis aimed to setup the emerging trends and suggest directions for future studies. The content analysis has been conceived into a larger and systematic literature review conducted on 1106 articles indexed at Scopus and initially submitted to a bibliometric analysis. Finally, 150 papers published in a variety of academic journals specializing in the field of Entrepreneurship, KM and Higher Education have been analyzed through a content and a bibliometric analysis to minimize mistakes in interpreting findings of collected studies. To undertake such analysis, we have used VOSviewer, a tool for constructing and visualizing bibliometric networks and clusters. KM within Entrepreneurial University is a research area of growing importance. Findings show that literature on KM models and tools in the Entrepreneurial University is fragmented and dominated by unrelated research. The content analysis here presented depicts the trends of a heterogeneous literature, but focused on some research streams such as: 1) Knowledge creation in Entrepreneurship Education; 2) Knowledge transfer in University-Industry collaboration; 3) Entrepreneurial University to support Knowledge based regional development; 4) KM processes for University’s spin-offs. Implications for theory and practices are depicted.

In the current knowledge-based economy, Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) are called to play different interconnected roles related to triple university missions. Alongside the two traditional missions of teaching and research, HEIs have experienced the emergence of the so-called “third mission”, which sees HEIs as knowledge-based agents part of ecosystems of public institutions, companies and citizens oriented to co-knowledge creation. Finding a balance between the traditional missions and the third mission can be a serious challenge. For this reason, HEIs need to revise their objectives, strategies and performance indicator systems to plan, monitor and assess their social, cultural, and economic impact. Actually, there is no shared approach (and related KPIs) to assess in an univocally and standardised manner the performance of HEIs, in order to effectively reflect the whole range of academic missions, by reducing the possible tensions between them created at various organizational levels. Thus, the authors decided to carry out a qualitative inductive study based on the institutional logics perspective to: i) analyse how HEIs performances are measured, ii) to improve university performance measurement systems and iii) to mitigate the tensions within and among the different missions and the logics behind them.

This paper explores the entrepreneurial activities and models of Science & Technology universities. Employing a mixed-method design with a questionnaire and semi-structured interviews we find three main entrepreneurial models based on different configuration of activities and different organizational and regional characteristics: (1) an “engage” model, which focuses on local economic development (2) a “formal” model, which focuses on the financial advantage of universities and their faculties and (3) a “comprehensive” model, which focuses on the local economic development and the financial advantage of universities and their faculties. This paper extends previous literature by encompassing the conventional distinction between formal and informal entrepreneurial activities. It also contributes to the emerging literature on entrepreneurial university models and the strategic approaches by identifying the different models of entrepreneurial universities in the European setting of S&T universities focusing on the role played by organizational and ecosystem factors in affecting the adoption of a specific model by universities.

An e-learning system, based on the Fee model (2009), consists of three components: technology, learning content and learning / e-learning design. In the literature on universities, there are not many contributions on the design of e-learning, understood as a process (Trentin, 2001). This article intends to understand, through an empirical analysis, how European universities implement e-learning design. In particular, the goal is to study the e-learning and design system, within selected European universities, to understand the phases of the project and to understand how much the university takes into account the territory. The study approach adopted to conduct the research was mixed: quantitative and qualitative. First of all, the quantitative survey was carried out on the websites of the top 100 European universities in the Quacquarelli Symonds ranking. Subsequently, the qualitative construction of some case studies and semi-structured interviews with managers of e-learning services of some European universities was carried out. The quantitative survey shows that the 100 best European universities, present in the Quacquarelli Symonds ranking, adopt e-learning methods, allowing to identify, among them, the universities involved in case studies. The qualitative construction of case studies and semi-structured interviews with managers of e-learning services of some of these European universities underlines a specific attention to the e-learning design of the courses, even if more focused on the professional figures working there and not entirely on the e-learning course project. The article aims to provide a detailed study on the design of e-learning in the educational context. The analysis of multiple case studies allows us to identify how the selected universities carry out the activity of educational design through the use of technology. The study has two main limitations. The first difficulty lies in the difficulty of having a complete view of the examined phenomenon. The second limit refers to the number of respondents and universities contacted. The future objective will be to intensify these activities by involving other actors (teaching staff, governance) and new universities.

Analysing the entrepreneurial role of universities discussed by scholars, this paper is directed to investigate diversification and multinationalisation strategy of universities through the proposition of a single case study. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to discover the reasons that led our university case study to develop its strategy and the role of its intellectual capital in supporting the chosen strategy. Our case is investigated through Secundo et al.’s (2016) collective intelligence framework for universities. Answering the research question, our findings include why our university case study choses to pursue its business strategy to achieve teaching, research, and the third mission.

The aim of this paper is to examine the role of entrepreneurial experiences of heads of departments and their impact on the ability to acquire external funds and the commercialization of research results measured by patents. The study is based on data from 208 Austrian university departments and combines data from different sources encompassing the CVs of the heads of departments, the commercial register, funding data and performance data intellectual capital reports. The results show a positive relationship between entrepreneurial experience and the third-party funding and patent output of the departments.

This paper aims to uncover the determinants of University-Industry Cooperation (UIC) from an individual perspective, to identify which entrepreneurs’ characteristics affect the emergence of UIC and, more specifically, affect the selection of cooperation channels. To this purpose, we employed the Corporate Entrepreneurial Intention (CEI) model (Fini et al. 2012), which allowed to assess the effect of both individual and contextual factors in UIC dynamics, whether no previous attempts have jointly considered both types of variables in UIC literature. After applying structural equation modelling techniques to a sample of 130 entrepreneurs in the Region of Campania (South of Italy), our results show that corporate entrepreneurial behaviour is positively related to forms of UIC with an average and high level of complexity

“Each company has the customers it deserves” said one day a Ceo to his management. This is a very strict statement that forces companies to question the reasons why they have a specific customer portfolio and to distinguish strategic customers from tactical ones. The mapping of the customers, focus of this article, has the dual objective to measure objectively the level of “strategicity” of the customer portfolio and the level of business reciprocity between the company and its customers, in order to appropriately orient the decision processes of the company. In order to achieve the aforementioned dual objective, three sets of information are required: the economic and financial quality of the client, the level of utility of the client for the company and the level of utility of the company for the client. The combination of the two first set of information allows to evaluate the level of “strategicity” of each single customer, that is if the customer is strategic or tactical ad why. The questions to be answered are: how much competitive are the strategic customers for the company? How many customers are at the same time competitive but tactical for the company? The company’s goal is to select strategic customers that are at the same time competitive and useful for the company over time. A second combination between the above strategic level of the customer and the level of utility of the company for the client allows to measures the degree of business reciprocity of the customer relationship. The questions to answer are: how much is strategic the company for the strategic customers? How many are the strategic customers for whom the company is considered tactical? The company’s goal is to be strategic for strategic customers. Each set of information is based on key performance indicators that allow not only to map the customer portfolio in terms of customer strategicity and business reciprocity of the customers, but above all to identify the priority business figures in terms of management decisions and actions and therefore to plan and control the customer portfolio quality and through the latter the economic value creation.

This paper sheds light on the disclosure of knowledge transfer (KT) and how disclosure impacts and is impacted by the stakeholders of a public university and its anchored legitimacy. This is a qualitative case study that focuses on an Italian university. A mixed-method approach is adopted, triangulated from different sources. The methodologies used are drawn from active research and, in particular, our study relies on an interventionist approach. KT disclosure is found to be more efficacious than KT reports in anchoring the legitimacy of an institution in its territory. This shows that the nature of the knowledge influences the transfer process. Disclosure must be smoothly adapted to formal or informal KT. Research limitations/implications – In a single case study, our paper provides evidence for the implications of KT disclosure. This study shows the potentiality of disclosure for KT in terms of unlocking and offering new opportunities for relations between universities and territories. In an environment with few studies on the peculiar situation of a generalist university, the paper provides new insight into the importance of KT disclosure for strengthening links with the local community and enhancing legitimacy. This is essential for an anchored institution, and a novel concept of anchored legitimacy is presented.

Innovations in Internet Technologies have radically changed the business in Travel industry. A variety of internet technologies, mobile and non (websites, portal, apps), enabled customers to plan and book complete travel solutions at the best available rates. Among the Internet Distribution Systems (IDS), that are web tools to support users from information collection to booking travel products, Dynamic Packaging (DP) is emerging as a key approach. DP, besides providing automated online travel packages, has a conceptual model of a great importance to reflect on the strategic issue of Travel industry: integration. How it emerges from our conceptual analysis of DP models (DPMs), effectiveness of DP depends from travel inter-system and intra-system integration. The first, affects DPM’s capacity of create coherent travel packages, while the latter affects the capacity of providing efficiency in travel. This latter dimension of integration is deepened in this paper presenting a case study. Namely the case study demonstrate how DP conceptual model is effective to integrate independent, private Bus transportation services/providers, operating at the national scale. The relative technology platform is able to provide integrated, multicarrier travel tickets. By leveraging on DPM, then, improvements on the bus transportation services can be achieved, and impacts on the travellers marketing behaviours are expected, such as increasing the bus transport against the private car.

A successful integration of migrants in the labour market and in organisations is getting more important based on demographic changes. The central aim of the investigation is to deal with problem fields of the Human Resource Management, which arise by demographic changes regarding migration. Therefore, an explorative qualitative study with human resource managers and diversity representatives of the large DAX companies was conducted. The views of leaders and employees with and without an immigration background regarding diversity potentials in organisation are compared in this study. The results indicate that diversity is important for organisations. Employees have recognised the importance of diversity. Managers have not recognised the seriousness and urgency of cultural diversity and diversity actions. Human resource managers are not able to assess the additional stress of migrants correctly and to consider them in their day-to-day management and diversity actions.