Gender equality is beneficial for businesses and society as a whole. As one of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the 2030 United Nations Agenda (i.e. SDG5) it calls companies, across different sizes and sectors, to develop a workplace environment where individuals are treated respectfully, regardless of their gender, race, or background. The impartial and fair approach encompasses equal access to resources, opportunities, decision-making responsibilities, and governance while avoiding gender-based discrimination. In response to this call, companies have progressively expanded information voluntarily provided to their stakeholders on strategies and actions taken to face gender equality issues and advance SDG5. However, the voluntary nature of sustainability reporting allows companies to have broad discretion in defining report content, often resulting in disclosure that are largely symbolic rather than substantive. With the aim to better understand how companies report on their gender equality acting, a content-based indicator is proposed. The iGoal5 is structured to quantify the level of completeness of company’s disclosure of SDG5 in terms of sufficient details to understand company’s strategic view, actions taken to ensure gender equality in the workplace, and performance achieved. Prior studies in literature that propose approaches to analyse reporting on SDGs, together with standards and guidelines that help company to ensure quality in sustainability reporting have been taken into consideration to develop the iGoal5 coding framework and the scoring system. The consistency and robustness of the coding frame and its application has been tested through the calculation of the Inter Coder Reliability (ICR). The paper shows an illustrative application of iGoal5 on a sample of sustainability reports of companies operating in the automotive industry, extracted from the Boston Consulting Group 2023’s ranking of the most innovative companies. The application shows that iGoal5 can be easily and reliably used to track the company’s progress toward an effective achievement of gender equality within company’s workplace as well as show that a more detailed disclosure of gender equality is not directly related to the company’s innovation capacity.

In recent years, the topic of gender diversity has become increasingly relevant among both scholars and practitioners. In fact, with this work we want to analyse the evidence in the literature of the capacity of listed companies to develop processes for sustainable gender equity and financial performance. Furthermore, this survey aims to highlight in which subject areas more attention has been paid to Knowledge and Innovation for Sustainable Gender Equity. The hypothesis is to indicate that boards with composed in part of women group of female directors and boards with a sizable representation of female directors positively impact firms’ performance in a significant way. This, together with the push from the internal context of organisations on the one hand and the external context on the other in terms of regulations, has led to greater gender diversity within boards of directors. The following article aims to analyse the relevant literature with a particular emphasis on the European context, assessing gender diversity in boards of directors of listed companies and asks whether and to what extent the presence of women on boards has an influence on economic and financial performance. The research points out that the influence of gender diversity in the boardroom on company performance is now widespread in the literature. However, many studies do not find a direct correlation between the presence of women and positive financial results. Other studies, while noting a greater presence of women on the boards of financially virtuous companies, impute the presence of women to performance and not the other way around. This is based on the grounds that the scarcity of women on boards linked with their compulsory presence allows them to be in a position to choose only the best-performing companies. This paper outlines how the topic of women’s entrepreneurship has been addressed in the literature, in different subject areas, particularly in Business, Management and Accounting, and Economics, Econometrics and Finance. Starting from existing studies, which provide evidence on the performance impact of the overall percentage of female directors, the study unveils the differential impact of female directors on firms’ financial performance depending on their level of representation on the board. The digital transformation, the evaluation by sustainability indicators (ESG) with the implications of good evaluation that it entails, has prompted companies, especially large and listed ones, to broaden and make the composition of their boards more heterogeneous in terms of skills, interpersonal skills and gender diversity.

Family businesses represent the most common form in the entrepreneurial fabric. These are firms of extremely different sizes, from small to large, with peculiar organizational characteristics. Technological evolution has imposed a new challenge on family businesses, traditionally slow in adopting technological innovation (Chrisman et al., 2015; McElheran et al., 2021), including the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI). Artificial intelligence (AI) is one of the most important technologies of the future (Crew, 2020). AI is a collection of information communication technologies that imitate human intelligence for the purpose of improving jobs, creating greater efficiencies, and driving economic growth (Olan et al, 2022). Knowledge, on the other hand, is the key component that enables AI innovations adding value to organizations (Robbins, 2019). Managing this new technological revolution represents a further new challenge and opportunity for family businesses (Liu, 2020). For this reason, it is necessary to understand how to encourage the adoption of AI in these complex organizations. The purpose of this article is to present the results of qualitative research on key organizational factors (KOFs) that can impact the adoption of AI within family businesses. There is a vast academic literature that has focused on the elements and factors that can impact the positive adoption of new technologies. However, we must consider the peculiar characteristics of companies which by their nature are oriented towards generational change. For this reason, the analysis must consider both the characteristics of the current management and of the successors (Zellweger et al., 2015). The main results of this study offer indications on the factors that can facilitate the introduction of AI within a family business and highlighted that family businesses are aware of the strategic importance of introducing artificial intelligence, but at the same time, demonstrate skepticism and difficulties in application. The findings may offer interesting managerial implications for family business entrepreneurs. In fact, AI and its adoption are crucial for the survival of the family business.

The strategic process of knowledge management (KM) aims to efficiently identify, create, share, and utilize knowledge, with demonstrated potential to enhance innovation and balance innovative forces. Within healthcare, KM plays a vital role in improving care quality, reducing costs, and promoting public health. However, managing knowledge in healthcare proves complex due to the high distribution and fragmentation of knowledge, notably clinical knowledge. While new technologies offer unique support in knowledge collection, management, and utilization, they also present significant challenges. The purpose of this study is to explore strategic knowledge management within the healthcare sector, focusing on identifying key priorities and understanding the interconnections between knowledge and management. To gain deeper insights into the underlying dynamics and connections between concepts, this study employs an advanced methodology centered on latent semantic analysis (LSA) and co-occurrence analysis. Through content analysis applied to a sample of 12 reports from supranational companies and consultants, the research aims to explore priorities in strategic knowledge management within the healthcare sector. The results of the analysis revealed several key findings regarding strategic knowledge management in the healthcare sector. Initially, an examination of the most frequent terms in the documents illustrated a predominant focus on organizations, patients, and workforce-related activities, indicating the significance of knowledge management across various professions. Notably, the increasing integration of new technologies and data-driven innovation emerged as crucial priorities, alongside a strong emphasis on patient-centric care. Moreover, the co-occurrence analysis identified six main clusters, highlighting the evolving landscape of healthcare, characterized by the adoption of medical devices, the transition towards a broader conceptual framing of healthcare as life sciences, and the strategic role of knowledge management in enhancing innovation processes. Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) further elucidated the semantic relationships between words, emphasizing the importance of individual growth, corporate strategy, and resource management within an organizational context. Overall, the findings underscore the multifaceted nature of knowledge management and resource management in healthcare, providing valuable insights for strategic decision-making and innovation initiatives in the sector.

Big Data (BD) and Big Data Analytics (BDA) offers industrial companies the opportunity to harness the full potential of data to improve business operations, increase customer satisfaction, and maintain a competitive advantage in their reference market. On the other hand, it is crucial to easily and appropriately use and read data and information. Therefore, data visualization solution plays a crucial role when dealing with large amounts of data. However, industrial organizations still strive to improve their strategic business management and decision-making due to the challenging design of data visualization solutions, eventually supported by user-friendly interfaces and systems. They often struggle in considering the right practices, techniques and tools for visualizing data. They require guidance in effectively discovering, comprehending, and leveraging the available data. Based on these needs of investigation, this paper delves into the relationship between data management and visualization, through digital technologies. It aims to light up the current state of the art related to the most important solutions adopted in industries for managing and visualizing BD. To achieve this goal, a systematic literature review has been carried out on BD, BDA and visualization solutions in smart industry. The paper maps the most important tools, techniques and methods adopted for appropriately visualize data. Also, it considers behavioural need of humans to process information. The paper implies benefits for both academics and practitioners, due to its ability to map useful solutions that extend the literature and give a more informed overview to companies dealing with BD visualization issues.

This research explores the complex impacts of conflicts on knowledge translation within virtual teams, emphasizing the intricate interplay between cultural diversity, technological mediation, and geographical dispersion in shaping the dynamics of knowledge transfer. Virtual teams, defined by their geographical dispersion, cultural diversity, and reliance on electronic communication, face unique challenges that can stimulate conflicts affecting knowledge translation and transfer. These conflicts, arising from differences in cultural contexts, language barriers, and the asynchronous nature of digital communication, can hinder the smooth flow of information and decrease team cohesion, ultimately impacting team performance and effectiveness. The study adopts a qualitative research approach, using semi-structured interviews with members of various virtual teams to investigate their direct experiences and perceptions regarding the influence of conflicts on knowledge sharing and translation processes. This approach allows for a nuanced understanding of the conflicts that emerge in virtual settings and how they impact knowledge translation. Overall, this exploratory study contributes to the field of knowledge management by highlighting the often-overlooked role of conflicts in knowledge translation within virtual teams. By exploring these dynamics, the research provides valuable insights on how to manage and leverage conflicts as a strategic resource for improving knowledge translation, thereby enhancing organizational performance and innovation in globally dispersed teams.

Universities play a crucial role in fostering entrepreneurship and innovation, extending beyond their traditional missions of research and education. This paper investigates the evolving model of entrepreneurial University, focusing on the evolution toward a network model based on the creation of entrepreneurial and innovation ecosystems in the university context. Starting from the analysis of FabLabs movement, the paper explores the motivations and development process of DFGN (Design Factory Global Network). Furthermore, through the examination of the Design Factory of the University of Bologna, Oper.space, the paper illustrates how these networks integrate maker philosophy and design thinking to support entrepreneurship education and provide infrastructure necessary for innovation. The analysis highlights the impact of DFGNs on University Entrepreneurship. While this study provides an initial exploration, further research is recommended to delve deeper into the relationship between DFGNs and FabLabs within universities and to examine the reasons behind the establishment of DFGNs at various institutions.

Despite the need to speed up and improve the efficiency of the justice system and of judicial proceedings concerning international protection, the instruments adopted by the Italian national legislator do not seem to have yet found effective application and, above all, consistency with the guarantees of due process as required by international Law and European Union Law. Specifically, after an initial overview of the so-called European migration emergency of 2015, which led more than a million asylum seekers to seek refuge in Europe, the main measures aimed at speeding up decisions on international protection will be resumed. Among those, the measure of hearing-videotaping at administrative level will be considered as a tool to overcome the need for a new hearing in front of the (specialised) judge. According to the premises of the Law, these tools have also become necessary in the difficulties of a significant backlog in the field. That is not only due to the increase of the number of (first and subsequent) applications in Italy, but to some procedural degenerations which, looking at the efficiency of the system, seem to have overcome the first and most important need for the protection of the rights of applicants for international (and national) protection and the rules of due process. Looking at these limits in applying accelerating mechanisms in a context such as the Italian one, already deprived of a level of judgment in 2017 by Law no. 46 (which converted into law Decree-Law 13 of 2017 and its provisions for other instruments such as the manifest presumed groundlessness or instrumentality of the application, reduction of the deadlines for appeal, and) in which the video recording of asylum seekers’ interviews, once again, takes on the symbolic guise of a “manifesto rule”, where technology is “smart” only if it’s faster. It will be emphasized that this procedure, unlike those related to pandemic contingencies such as remote participation in video conferences, risk not shortening the time, but rather requiring particular and greater attention and more guarantees given the difficulties and risks, as well as good practices, already present in the European context with regard to subjective rights that enjoy constitutional protection, designing the strange case of international protection in Italy.

The impact of new technologies on ways of working represents a significant challenge for public organizations in a rapidly evolving social and cultural scenario (Perry & Batista, 2023; Holtgreve, 2014). This topic is crucial for the impact of technology on people both from a communicative-relational point of view and concerning how people will be able to use technologies to perform better in their organizational contexts. To respond to this challenge, an approach of particular interest may be anticipatory governance. Anticipatory governance is an innovative approach that can help public organizations prepare for and respond proactively to changes brought about by emerging technologies (Guston, 2014; Poli, 2022, 2021). It is about identifying and analyzing potential developments, engaging stakeholders, and proactively addressing potential challenges and opportunities. By adopting anticipatory governance, public organizations can take charge of their future, stay ahead of the curve, and be better equipped to navigate the complex and rapidly evolving technology landscape. This can help them avoid costly mistakes, improve efficiency, and improve their ability to meet citizens’ needs, empowering them to shape their lives in society. The following contribution focuses on how anticipatory governance can represent a valuable approach for public organizations in redesigning relationships and work processes in the public sector in response to technological changes. To answer these questions, a questionnaire consisting of 18 questions was submitted to understand the perception of public employees at the local level in the Italian context regarding the concept of anticipatory governance and its impact in responding to changes in working methods due to new technologies. The following contribution provides some preliminary implications from a theoretical-managerial point of view. From a theoretical point of view, it intends to insert itself into the academic debate regarding anticipatory governance and its role in understanding the social phenomena resulting from using new technologies. From a managerial point of view, however, it intends to provide a preliminary reading on how public decision-makers can use this approach to respond to changes in working methods in the public sector.

The aim of this research is to understand if there is a gap between women and men in the world of STEM work. The research methodology applied to this paper is the qualitative method through the application of the case study analysis. We selected a privatal case study. Sources of analysis were data analysis by 2022 and a survey with a questionnaire. The research delves into the theme of the female-male working gap not simply in listed companies, but in those with high technological potential, within the Italian experience. This represents a novelty compared to the traditional reference literature. This paper enriches the existing literature through study and results that are a useful baseline for academic and practitioners’ implications about the evolution of the research in work gap between women and men in listed STEM enterprises.

The importance of gratitude in Multi Business Model Innovation (MBMI) has not been investigated much. However, it is vital to meet today’s increasing incidence of Volatile, Uncertainty, Complex and Ambiguous (VUCA) challenges by new concepts like gratitude as a psychological and MBMI leadership competence. This paper investigates the impact between gratitude and knowledge innovation in MBMI processes in Business Model Ecosystems (BMESs) influenced by VUCA Events. The impact of individual and business resilience caused by gratitude is studied in 3 MBMI cases as an important competence to endure challenging MBMI processes influenced heavily by VUCA Events. From the 3 cases a transfer of gratitude is outlined as a fundamental competence for creating valuable knowledge and resilience in individuals and in stakeholder networks. These observations correspond to the hypothesis that gratitude is a reciprocal competence and a psychological positive emotion which is a predictor for success in MBMI. Based on this hypothesis we propose gratitude as an important component in the MBMI mindset. The research is conducted in the view of knowledge creation, MBMI and gratitude theory – particularly the concept of wellbeing and positivity as a fundamental mental state for an increasing learning and knowledge creation – the vital “raw material” and competence in all MBMI processes. The research analyses qualitative results from interviews and observations with focus on gratitude as an individual and organisational core competence – and the impact of gratitude on creating strong MBMI processes and networks in a VUCA World.

The development and use of artificial intelligence in socio-economic relations are expected to have a significant impact on the banking and financial sector, also as a result of the spread of Fintech. The affirmation of new players in the market is undermining the bank-centric system, imposing a revision and rethinking of pre-existing legal institutions. The literature on fintech keeps evolving rapidly and there is an urgent need to organize its knowledge structure and thereby to make future research more focused on the gaps that will emerge in this paper. This contribution conducts a systematic literature review (network and content analysis) on the diffusion of the Fintech phenomenon in its various forms of manifestation all characterised by a process of disintermediation. For this study, the VOS viewer software was used. In particular, the co-occurrence of keywords was investigated through the full counting method. DoGi was the database used for data extraction. From the network analyses conducted, it appears that the literature has been widely discussed, even if not unequivocally, with the issue of the legal qualification of the fintech phenomenon and, specifically, of cryptocurrency. Content analysis reveals that the need for strict regulation at European and national level was unanimously stressed. The focus of this paper is to point out the importance of customer protection in the field of Fintech. It is necessary to establish whether or not, in the face of a marked legislative vacuum, the relationships between customers and service providers can be reconnected to situations that already exist in the codified experience and in the sector regulations. This situation should not be harmful to the customer. In this sector, the weakness is intensified. In addition to the knowledge asymmetry concerning the services offered, there is a lack of understanding of the functioning of digital technology and its underlying mechanisms. For these reasons, the systematic analysis of the literature conducted shows the need, on the one hand, for the legislator to regulate the phenomen, on the other hand for the interpreter to think about which forms of protection the customer can benefit from and which remedial mechanisms can be activated in the hypothesis of liabilityof the counterparties. In conclusion, this paper illustrates which protections rules provided for in the T.u.b., in the T.u.f., the Consumer Code and the Civil Code can be applied to the fintech phenomenon.

In industrialised countries, and especially in Europe, the ageing of the population is steadily growing, leading to an increase of chronic diseases. It has been shown that telemedicine can be very useful for the care and treatment of chronic diseases. Our study examines chronic kidney disease (CKD), which is increasingly widespread among the world population (more than 7% of the world population is affected), and proposes a model of knowledge management system (KMS) supporting a telemedicine application for home hemodialysis. The present work aims to contribute to the knowledge management research by introducing a logical and operational model of KMS for teledialysis, which has been proposed and applied in the framework of an ongoing project involving 29 patients carried out at the Vito Fazzi hospital of the Lecce ASL (Italy). The study aims to address chronic kidney disease through new strategies, tools and care processes with a threefold objective: to improve patients’ health conditions and quality of life, to increase accesses to health services, and to reduce healthcare costs. The logical model describes the activities through a systemic view, and includes the technological components, process flows and organizational assets (including human capital constituted by all the actors involved in the management of CKD, i.e. nephrologists, qualified nurses, patients, care-givers). Through the model, a virtuous circle of acquisition, storage, processing and dissemination of data, information, knowledge, wisdom and experience is activated among all stakeholders involved in the management of CKD, improving and enhancing collaborative decision-making and doctor-patient relationships, which are crucial for the success of telemedicine services. As for the operational model, it aims to implement a KMS to support teledialysis services in the aim to observe the connection of systems, data and people required to enhance the medical decision-making processes, as well as the health conditions of patients and the quality of life of stakeholders, including the positive impact on the environmental sustainability of entire care processes.

The present manuscript explores the intricate relationship between digital platforms, business model innovation (BMI) and collaborative endeavours amongst small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). The authors are motivated by the growing relevance and importance of digital platforms which play a pivotal role in today’s business landscape, thereby deeply impacting products, services, operations and business strategy. Henceforth, SMEs are compelled to engage or embrace digital platforms in an attempt to strengthen their business model. Indeed, part of the scholarly literature underscores the role digital technologies have in nurturing BMI and organisational growth. Nonetheless, due to SMEs limited financial and human resources, it becomes challenging to establish their own digital platform and engage in BMI. Therefore, the foregoing entities can engage in collaborative endeavours such as partnerships and alliances to gain access to the necessary digital instruments and tools to lower the costs associated with BMI while accessing complementary resources and knowledge. However, despite the foregoing notions and concepts, the current body of scholarly literature lacks empirical evidence deepening our understanding of the interplay between digitalization and collaborative partnerships as enabling instruments to SMEs’ BMI. Henceforth, to address the foregoing research gap, the authors of this manuscript seek to gain intel into how cooperating with external stakeholders through a digital platform could impact SMEs’ BMI. Under the framework of dynamic capabilities as their theoretical framework, the authors employ a qualitative approach which focuses on 12 SMEs located within the Piedmont region, Italy. The authors conduct semi structured interviews with various members of the foregoing entities and have adopted the Gioia’ method to ensure this manuscript’s methodological rigour and replicability. This manuscript empirical results indicate that: i) partnering with digital platforms nurture the construction of relationship which promote BMI; ii) engaging with partnerships enhances SMEs’ financial and operational performance, thereby fostering BMI; iii) engaging with external stakeholders nurture SMEs’ technological development, thus fostering BMI; and iv) partnering with digital platforms nurtures environmental and social considerations, thereby fostering BMI to address the foregoing notions. The current manuscript presents several predicted implications, both theoretical and practical, that warrant further exploration. Firstly, it enriches our comprehension of SMEs’ BMI in the context of digital platform partnerships, shedding light on previously unexplored aspects of this dynamic relationship. Secondly, it offers valuable insights for practitioners seeking to harness the potential of partnerships and digital platforms to cultivate their BMI and foster long-term sustainability. It is important to note that, due to space constraints and ongoing refinement of the interview and data collection processes, detailed discussions, theoretical implications, managerial insights, and conclusions will be elaborated upon in a forthcoming full-length paper.

Digital platforms have deeply integrated into society, significantly affecting markets, cultural practices, and institutional structures, leading to a reevaluation of political and legal frameworks to accommodate these changes. Their impact extends beyond merely reflecting societal changes; they actively shape and construct social norms and market dynamics at both individual (micro) and systemic (macro) levels. This influence manifests at different rates and organizational levels, from individual behaviors to large-scale institutional and market structures, potentially fostering innovation or creating vulnerabilities. Adopting a panarchy perspective, this work aims to explore digital platforms’ influence across multiple levels of organizing and time horizons, addressing a gap in the literature that often considers these impacts in isolation. The connectedness across these levels can determine a system’s resilience and its potential for transformation, particularly following crises. The study calls for an integrated approach to examine digital platforms, recognizing their roles as intricate components within a wider socioecological and sociotechnical network, and highlights the need to understand their long-term effects on socioecological and sociotechnical equilibria.

Due to the complexity and variability of society, innovation is necessary to introduce changes that support social growth. At the same time, to support innovation it is necessary to formalize new concepts and approaches such as ecosystems (Bifulco et al., 2016). The research aims to investigate how the participation of people with disabilities in cultural ecosystems can give rise to innovative forms of governance that protect the right to cultural enjoyment for people with disabilities and which at the same time represent an innovation in the field of cultural governance. To analyze this phenomenon the authors chose to use the qualitative methodology of the single case study (Creswell, 2018) represented by the “More than Words” project. The results of the research highlight an effective increase in social and cultural value due to the participation of people with disabilities in the cultural ecosystem created with the aim of audience development of the target group of people with disabilities.

The purpose of the study is to explore the relationship between information and communication technologies (ICTs), digital skills, internal and external information integration and hospital resources and to analyse the moderating effects of operational contingencies in terms of operational efficiency and service complexity, adopting the contingent resource-based view perspective. The study utilizes a Hierarchical Moderated Regression Analysis, to test hypotheses using mixed data collection with primary data on ICTs, hospital resilience, digital skills, and internal and external information integration, along with secondary data on operational contingencies. Our findings reveal that all the resources and capabilities significantly impact hospital resilience. Notably, operational contingencies, such as service complexity and operational efficiency, moderate the relationships between digital skills, ICTs, and hospital resilience. These results underscore the importance of considering operational factors in the development of strategies to enhance hospital resilience. Our study contributes to the understanding of how hospitals can navigate crises effectively by leveraging technology, skills, and operational efficiencies to bolster their resilience.

Italy is one of the largest producers of olive oil. Italy is the second world producer and the second country for exports. The territorial distribution shows the areas with the highest olive growing vocation are concentrated in Southern Italy. By number of farms Calabria ranks third among Italian regions, and Calabria is the second region in Italy for oil production (including organic) after Puglia. The presence of women-owned businesses in the olive oil industry is significant: within the sector, women-owned businesses are around 30% of the total and reach 41% in Calabria. Firms in the olive oil industry, as well as all businesses, are called to achieve sustainable development objectives. Taking this into account, the research aims to investigate, on the one hand, what innovations would enable olive farms and mills to be more sustainable. On the other hand, the research aims, through the analysis of some business cases, to investigate the propensity of women’s firms to make sustainability-oriented innovation. Results show, on the one hand, the attention of women entrepreneurs to sustainable cultivation and production practices; on the other hand, they highlight how eco-sustainability and respect for biodiversity represent factors capable of giving the extra virgin olive oil product a high quality, recognized worldwide. However, the companies studied show they pursue sustainability predominantly through the recovery and enhancement of native cultivars and through the conservation of biodiversity. Other large investments in sustainability-oriented innovations are, however, desirable; investments that are difficult to be made by individual enterprises but possible if done in cooperation. It emerges that networking is extremely important to grow and create a business culture that can innovate. There is a need to accompany and support olive-growing and oil-producing enterprises in making investments to increase their sustainability, including by promoting cooperation among enterprises.

In Italy, family businesses play a fundamental role. Approximately 40% of the top 100 Italian groups by turnover are controlled by the same family lineage and of these almost 90% have a family CEO, the highest value in Europe even if it is not much different from the others. In this context, the ability to generate knowledge management (KM), share it and make it become company assets is of strategic importance to remain competitive on the market also in light of the latest events linked to the pandemic. If in the past, the literature on KM was theoretically divided with an imbalance on the hard approach. Today a considerable weight concerns the soft approach, based on the management of skills and relationships between organizations and their environment as a means of generating new capabilities. Training and learning are ultimately fundamental processes for activating transformation and innovation actions and also for stimulating corporate creativity, which is increasingly fueled by establishing interconnections with different disciplinary fields, social and human experiences. The paper is aimed at verifying in the field what emerged from the Tagliacarne-Unioncamere (2023) on family businesses using a case study. In the Mosaic model it is required to specify four building blocks are always present in the business model of each company. Training and learning, in addition to improving the skills of the individual, represent a generative process for each person, which goes far beyond the acquisition of new knowledge. Only with strong attention to these issues and their corporate implications is it possible to create a context favorable to the birth of new ideas and the implementation of innovative projects where training and KM become the tool capable of improving people’s lives, the development of business and to advance society as a whole, creating a true learning society, based on solid entrepreneurial awareness.

Organisations and supply systems have evolved continuously and profoundly over time due to various socio-economic and technological revolutions that altered how businesses operate, affecting their organisational configuration, objectives, and relationships (Nedelko, 2021). Besides, commercial and social links in organisations have become global, making their integration a critical component for a successful business also for the spread of social media use (Ghadge et al., 2019; Mustafa & Modares, 2019). But, higher levels of cooperation and integration create opportunities to increase one’s exposure to cybersecurity risks (Yoon et al., 2017). Furthermore, in the last years, there has been a disruptive diffusion in the use of cutting-edge Information Technology (IT), giving rise to the diffusion of digital knowledge in organisations and the necessity to manage and protect this critical and precious resource (Annarelli et al., 2020; Cerchione et al., 2024). Organisations dealing with this new resource, are more exposed to cyberattacks since they are iper connected with the world, but designed and built with an inadequate awareness of cyber resilience aspects (Katsumata et al., 2010; Mourtzis et al., 2016). In this sense, the illicit acquisition of sensitive data, and their processing through intelligent systems, can result in the possession of digital knowledge of the system by unauthorised persons who can maliciously use that knowledge (Almarhabi et al., 2023; Rao et al., 2019; Singh, 2021). To date, there are no complete overviews of how digital KM can impact cybersecurity aspects; for this reason, this research aims to identify the key points of this system and to generate a frame that is capable of supporting researchers in the analysis and evaluations of digital KM processes from a cyber security perspective. In order to create a frame that is homogeneous and applicable in a general way, the lens of framing theory was used to analyse the various perspectives that emerged from the analysis of the literature on cybersecurity and digital KM (Cornelissen & Werner, 2014). This frame can help in the identification of the main drivers and possible future challenges in analysing how digital knowledge is managed at various levels in the field of cybersecurity: in a data-based society, the way to organise and protect digital aspects of knowledge and learn by them will be crucial for the success of the society.