Lean and digital strategies are increasingly being applied to the healthcare context. To explore the potential of using lean principles to improve healthcare management, this paper defines two frameworks for applying lean and digital strategies to improve healthcare organizations. The chosen research methodology for deriving these frameworks is the literature review, carried out on the Scopus database. Furthermore, given the critical role of knowledge management in healthcare organizations, this paper can help improve knowledge about the way hospitals can be managed in pandemic periods and more in general, on how to improve efficiency of healthcare facilities. Propositions for future research directions are suggested.