Proceedings IFKAD 2018

PROCEEDINGS e-books

Proceedings IFKAD 2018

Societal Impact of Knowledge and Design

Delft, Netherlands 4-6 July 2018
ISBN: 978-88-96687-11-6
ISSN: 2280-787X

List of Included Articles:

Research on Development Status and Trends of Chinese Cultural Industry Investment and Finance

(1415-1423)

Xi’xiao Wei, Wenya Chang

Abstract

With the rapid economic growth in China and the deepening of cultural system reform, the development of China’s cultural industry is in the crucial process, which promoting high-level capital operation with investment and financing from the establishment of primary management entities and the cultivation of market capabilities, play the leading role of the government and establish a long-acting cultural industry investment and financing system that is diversified and Market-oriented, to innovate and enrich the mode of investment and financing in the cultural industry ,to promote and perfect the mechanism of investment. Based on test analysis, taking the investment and financing of cultural industries, I used some methods, such as the inductive logic and normative analysis, in order to sort out the stage characteristics of China’s cultural industry investment and financing as well as the future development trend. This report is to reveal the direction and goals of the financing of culture industries which meet the conditions of China, to promote and create conditions for the healthy development of Chinese culture industries. The investment and financing of cultural industry discussed in this article refers to the sum of various types of investment and financing activities carried out by the government, enterprises, other social organizations and individuals in the cultural industry under the Chinese context. This paper consists of four parts: The first part gives the background and significance about the selected topic and reviews the correlation theory on culture industry and investment and financing. The second part states the current situation of investment and financing of Chinese culture industry and point out the stage features of investment and financing in cultural industry. The third part shows that the main trends in the development of investment and financing in China’s cultural industry. Part four, put forward to explore and improve China’s cultural industry investment and financing policy recommendations. Thus how to innovate and establish the model of our culture industry’s investment and financing in terms of the related prevailing models will be the man approach to stimulate the prosperity of the culture industry.

Study of Balanced Scorecard Model for Developing the Tourism Village Based Community in Brajan Village

(1424-1437)

Heru Kurnianto Tjahjon, Nandya Octanti Pusparini, Yiyi Dian Dwi Putri, Muhammad Akhid Abdillah,

Abstract

This research aims to identify a strategic map using balanced scorecard model and to establish the execution strategy to develop the tourism village based community in Brajan Village This study applies qualitative method. Case study as one of the qualitative approaches is applied to determine the real conditions that occur in the tourism village. The researchers used both primary and secondary data. The primary data were obtained through preliminary and fieldsurvey. Whereas the secondary data were obtained through collecting documents. The researchers also conducted field observations, in-depth interviews, and documentation to obtain information that were processed as a basis data for preparing a strategic map using balanced scorecard model for Brajan Village tourism area. After the data being collected, then the balanced scorecard was designed by analyzing the vision, mission, institutional objectives, and strategy of the business unit, setting up a balanced scorecard framework, creating a strategy map and discussing the right strategy and designing the execution strategy referring to Thompson & Strickland (2012). A research that identifes and develops a creative tourist village execution strategy has never been done in Yogyakarta. Besides, Yogyakarta is one of the cities which has been being developed as a creative city in Indonesia. The balanced scorecard model is an appropriate model because it can capture the strategy development in a comprehensive and measurable way. Balanced scorecard is one of the important alternatives for creating the grand design that is visionary as well as down to earth, whose meaning has a far-sighted perspective but can also be presented systemically by business units.Case studies help in a contextual study and in-depth study on the scope of creative tourism villages in Brajan Village. The outcomes of the application is strategic map using balanced scorecard model and execution strategy based on the balanced scorecard that can be used as an effort to develop creative tourism village as tourism business unit particularly in Brajan Village and other tourism villages which have a spirit of progress in order to support the growth of the tourism sector in Indonesia.

Analysis on Risks of China ‘s Cultural Creativity Industry Securitization: Case Study of Film Industy

(1438-1451)

Pengju Wei, Yu Wang,

Abstract

Design a complete risk control system for film assets securitization which involves financing, revenue and legislation. This study mainly employs the methods of case study and theoretical research. Based on the theoretical analysis, this paper focuses more on practice. Starting with the real case of asset securitization in the United States. Combining with the fraud events of “Ip Man 3” film asset securitization in China to analyze the financing risks, legal risks and benefits risk. Not only put forward a complete risk control system, but also further enrich the risk control theory. The outcomes can help to promote the stable operation of China’s film securitization and further promote the development of China’s cultural and creative industries.

Big Data Dimensions of Intellectual Capital

(1452-1464)

Sergey Yablonsky

Abstract

Today Big Data becomes useful when it enriches decision-making that is enhanced by application of analytical techniques and some element of human interaction. With the merging of data and information vs. knowledge and intelligence, we see and investigate an opportunity for cross-fertilization between Big Data, business analytics and the field of Intellectual Capital (IC) with related disciplines. This article contributes to research in the strategic management domain by presenting a set of frameworks that identify how big data improves IC management within organizations. Strategy has to guide IC and Big Data governance trajectories and stimulate Big Data governance on IC complements. First we develop Big Data Governance framework by analyzing different dimensions and layers of Big Data, IC concepts and interconnections. The proposed framework provides an appropriate basis for internal corporate IC strategy discussions that surround Big Data by explaining new BD enabled dimensions of how firms create value through various BD enabled approaches. Second we introduce our multi-tier framework of Big Data and IC relationship that includes Big Data ecosystem, Big Data enabled IC Strategy and Business Models, and IC Big Data Dimensions. We propose a new approach for analysis of the relationship and effects of measurement in the area of intellectual capital and Big Data. Big Data is a subset of different features and could be presented by developed taxonomy that includes data, compute and storage infrastructures, analytics, visualization, security/privacy and industry domains. Based on theoretical conceptualization, combined with empirical evidence, we propose a framework for Big Data governance related with multi-level taxonomy with more than 100 entities. This framework provides new Big Data dimensions of IC research. This methodology puts in evidence a broad overview of Big Data concept modelling in IC using taxonomies and data management tasks. We have investigated the eleven knowledge areas of Big Data governance and created a Big Data Governance framework. We have applied Big Data Business Models, Big Data BI and Analytics areas of this framework to IC research. Based on theoretical conceptualization, combined with empirical evidence the Big Data Governance framework was created. This framework was used to find answers on the basic Why-What-Who-How Big Data and IC relationship questions. Taken together, we introduce a number of meaningful BD-IC frameworks dealing with Why-What-Who-How IC agenda. A Big Data decision intelligence pipeline of the operational steps sequence that has the goal of supporting context-aware BD business decision making was associated with full cycle of IC maturity model improvement. For that the Micro-Meso-Macro levels of Big Data ecosystem were developed. Big Data Micro Level Value Chain was combined with main levels of IC maturity. Finally four parts of Why-What-Who-How framework were clarified for IC and Big Data relationships. The outcomes of the application could be used for planning, oversight, and control over IC management and the use of Big Data and Big Data knowledge-related resources for IC research purposes. Big Data Business Model Pattern (BDBMP) dimensions framework could be applied for evaluation of intangible assets and intellectual capital for IC identification/creation/assessment/disclosure. This work can support CEOs and their management teams to more effectively measure and manage their intellectual capital assets.

Business Model Innovation Coaching in a Three-Dimensional Continuum

(1465-1480)

Gitte Kingo,ersen, Jane Flarup, Peter Lindgren

Abstract

The purpose of this paper to investigate the process and role(s) of coaches and coaching Business Model Innovation (BMI) according to the definition of BMI by (Lindgren & Rasmussen, 2013) – to facilitate students learning, collaboration and innovation process – in order to find BM and BMI competence, language or framework about coaching university students in developing Business Model Innovation competences. From the 6-9 November 2017, CGC at Aarhus University did a practical anthropological ‘fieldwork in own culture’ understood as fieldwork in Business Model Innovation Challenge at the Biogas 2020 conference in Skive in the North of Jutland, Denmark. The three-day Business Model Innovation challenge in Skive were based on 3 Nordic Businesses challenge-cases represented by Thise Dairy (Denmark), VEAS Biogas Norway and Smögenlax (Sweden). For three days students from the three university’ worked in student teams to solve a Business challenge-case in a Business Model Cube and were measured by 360 degrees fixed cameras combined with participated observation and facilitation by two BMI coaches. BM and BMI coaching seem to take place in a kind of three-dimensional guidance continuum between teaching, guidance, consulting and inter-vision – in a process between ‘direction the answers and seeking the answers by questions’. This includes that the coach must master several roles and processes (layers): BM Tools, BMI process along with the Coaching process. It means that the BMI Coach must be very flexible and manage to change his/her position and perspective several times according to the student’ position. According to the pre-findings about perspectives, positions with different roles this study invites to closer investigation in the transitions of each shift in the coaching phases combined with shift in levels in three-dimensional model. What are the characteristics of these shifts and how are they visible and understandable for the team and the coach? This – together with the purpose how to investigate the process and role(s) of coaches.

Developing Multi Business Model Innovation Competence and Environments – an experiment in 8 Nordic businesses

(1481-1490)

Peter Lindgren, Trine Bjørn Olesen, Klaus Lomborg Nielsen, Michael Niels Sjørvad, Lasse Eberhart Skov, Klemen Nielsen, Margrethe Elise Børsting

Abstract

Developing Multi Business Model Innovation (MBMI) Competences becomes more and more important to businesses to survive and compete in the global business model ecosystems. Continuous joint action and knowledge sharing with high speed are fundamental aspects of MBMI for businesses to meet the very complex MBMI agenda of today. Universities and Vocational Schools have a special task here to teach and train students to adapt and develop MBMI competences that can meet these challenges and evolving MBMI conditions, as these young students will be the “Business Modellist” of tomorrow. Further we have to acknowledge that these young students bring in potentially new ideas and “new eyes” to how AS IS Business Models can be changes and How TO BE Business Models can be created, as the students are “born” with the new technologies, media´s and use of these. However the knowledge about How to do BMI? and How to build BMI Competences? are still important but very fragmented researched, tested, analysed and reported. The paper reports on 2 experiments in CGC/MBIT research center carried out with 8 businesses (6 Danish, 1 Norwegian and 1 Swedish Business), 32 vocational, master and PhD students and 6 MBMI coaches. The actors worked close together with business management on different Business Model Innovation Challenges with the aim of creating and capturing “TO BE” BM´s. The research was carried out within the project Strategy Reborn and EU Interreg. Project Biogas 2020 and was carried out on behalf of a common accepted BM Language enabling the actors to talk MBMI in the same language with each other.

Evaluation of Business Models – A systematic Literature Review

(1491-1505)

Erik Steinhöfel, Henri Hussinki, Manfred Bornemann

Abstract

The purpose of this literature review (2018) is to provide an overview of the current state of business model evaluation, especially of existing evaluation tools, methodologies and approaches. Identification of the commonalities and disparities within the existing models could contribute towards more sustainable implementations of business models in practice as well as advancements in scientific research. This systematic literature review utilizes replicable and transparent literature selection and content coding methods and builds on 35 sources. The study combines evidence on tools, methodologies and approaches for the evaluation of business models by means of a systematic literature review. As the importance of business model evaluation is acknowledged as a decisive factor for the successful innovation and adaption of business models, the consideration of existing tools, methodologies and approaches appears to be a promising avenue of research. By recapping the existing findings and identifying intersections as well as gaps in this stream of research, a state-of-the-art basis for management practice and future research is established. The analysis and description of the tools, methodologies and approaches enables the identification of potential pathways for using business model evaluation in the frame of business model innovation and adoption in practice. Furthermore, the close examination of literature on this topic provides the theoretical basis for future research directions.

Conceptual Model for Family Business Strategies in Chaotic Ecosystems

(1506-1518)

Katalin Darabos, Zoltán Baracskai

Abstract

This paper explores and maps the strategizing process of family businesses in the state of chaos. The aim is to establish a model that can help all stakeholders to better understand and manage issues arising during change. The model is built around the patterns of five attributes that were identified as ‘most informative’ for strategizing of family businesses in state of chaos. Studies from all over the world suggest that family firms account for the majority of businesses and contribute strongly to the growth of national economies. In every small and medium sized family firm succession is a common phenomenon and it is considered to be one of the most critical issues commonly faced by these firms. In this paper we developed a conceptual model for family business strategizing in the state of chaos. The study was conducted with a Knowledge Based Expert System, the Doctus KBS. We have identified five informative attributes by using the KBS algorithms to map strategy elements in chaotic domains. Patterns can then be built using ‘if, then’ rules, which become a model for Family Business strategy in Chaotic Ecosystems. The most informative attributes describe the new knowledge and experience that has been identified as relevant from strategic perspectives. Family businesses can be thought of as complex systems. Chaos theory ‘proposes a broad set of loosely related theoretical and meta-theoretical orientations to the behaviour of complex (non-linear) systems’. Rejecting the view that systems can be understood in terms of, or reduced to, their constituent elements and the predictable, linear relationships between those elements, chaos theory recognises the complex, unpredictable and dynamic nature of systems. Many researchers come to the conclusion that succession planning can result in significantly improved chances for a business’s continuation. However, based on complexity theory and emergent strategizing, we question this conclusion, and whether planning is really the only option for a successful family business succession. The outcomes of the tentative model demonstrate that identified attributes, in this case (1) Content of succession, (2) Successor is capable of handling assets in the future, (3) Preparation of successor, (4) Preparation of succession strategy and (5) Adequate successor, are to be recognized as patterns for strategy making in the state of chaos. The paper provides a tentative model of strategizing applicable to one specific family business, but based on our experience, we believe that this model could be built for other family businesses as well, as we have noticed similar characteristics in our observation of many family businesses.

Investigating Management and Innovation Practices of Business Models of Arts and Cultural Organisations: Designing a Survey-Based Research

(1519-1526)

Giovanni Schiuma, Antonio Lerro, Daniela Carlucci, Francesco Santarsiero

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to introduce and present the design and the main contents of an exploratory survey-based research with a focus on gathering first insights about how arts and cultural organizations are managing and innovating their business models in order to create and guarantee audience development, financial viability, effective resource and operations management, as well to enhance their value creation capacity as cultural agents in society.

An Intellectual Capital-Based Framework Enabling Business Model Innovation for Technological Start-Ups: Management Model and Operational Guidelines

(1527-1541)

Gianluca Elia, Antonio Lerro

Abstract

This paper aims at identifying common patterns that technological startups follow during their Business Model Innovation (BMI) process, trying to understand which are the enabling conditions at strategic and operational level, as well as at individual, organizational level and environmental, which can be associated to the Intellectual Capital (IC) dimensions and that may activate, support and sustain the overall process. The research is carried out by using a semi-structured questionnaire submitted through a web survey to a sample of technological startups located in Italy. The main insights of the research lie in a framework presenting a set of possible trajectories that technological startups can follow to innovate their business model by leveraging the components of their IC. Besides, the analysis has also revealed a set of enabling conditions associated to each trajectory in order to support technological startups in the identification of the most promising trajectory according to their internal conditions.

Leveraging the Value of Big Data: Opportunities and Challenges

(1542-1552)

Daniela Carlucci, Francesco Santarsiero, Giovanni Schiuma

Abstract

This paper attempts to further advance the understanding of big data value realization. In particular, this research aims to address the following leading research questions: What is big data’s potential in value-creation opportunities? What are the main challenges that organizations have to deal when they work with big data and design and implement their strategies? This paper draws on a review of the recent studies regarding how organizations realize value from big data and the challenges that they have to deal with. The study adds fresh pieces in the wide and evolving big data literature regarding the opportunities and the challenges connected with big data exploitation. The study provides useful insights for supporting big data value realization in practice and gives some warnings about the main challenges encountered by organisations in extracting value from big data.

The Influence of Social Ties Strength on the Absorptive Capacity of Social Enterprises: A Multiple Case Studies of Social Enterprises in Thailand

(1553-1567)

Satawat Bunyasiriroj, Carine Dominguez-Péry, Vincent Ribiere

Abstract

Social enterprise (SE) is a sustainable approach to organically reduce social problems and create social impacts using business mechanisms (Alter, 2007; Haugh, 2005). The adoption of this concept can contribute to ensuring the sustainable development of a country. SE operate in an ecosystem. The commonly studied ties of SE strength comprises of Managerial ties (Business & Political) and University-Research ties (Shu, Page, Gao, & Jiang, 2012). It is important to broaden the analysis and the understanding of knowledge sharing networks of SE beyond strength of ties, to include other important types of ties like Social ties. These ties strength contribute to the knowledge transfer process from external to internal via SE’s absorptive capacity. Focusing on these elements, this research investigates the influence of Social ties on a SE network and how do these ties strength of organizational networks affect the SEs’ absorptive capacity. We selected a qualitative research approach with the adoption of an embedded multiple case studies using a stratified purposeful sampling strategy (Yin, 2013). One of these selected case studies is based on an organization that has dual roles; the role of a SE and the role of an intermediary. Another selected case is a pure SE. Both are small size SE operating in the service industry. The unit of analysis is the organizational network. This study provides some evidences showing that Social ties play an important role on the SE’s absorptive capacity in a Thai SE context. The findings reflect certain novel degrees of contextual sensitivity which helps better understanding the implications of these additional ties in the local practice based on the conceptual theory. The outcomes of this research seek to facilitate the formulation of knowledge transfer and application strategies that enable the integration of knowledge to the community for effective policies making. Ultimately, such knowledge absorption can lead to improving the overall social impacts and sustainability of Thai SEs.

Securing the Resilience of NGOs through Social Capital and Enterprise Systems Thinking with Improved Organizational Learning – an Exploration from Pakistan

(1568-1603)

Aleema Shuja, Ijaz A. Qureshi, Aleena Shuja, Mike Whitty

Abstract

The underlying study proposes to explore and analyze the capability of non-governmental organizations to sustain, thrive and remain resilient under calamitous conditions by developing strong social capital in terms of structural, cognitive and relational ties as well as systems thinking with regard to enterprise philosophy, while creating a sense of learning within the organization. It also examines how organizational learning, comprehending shared vision; commitment to learning; open-mindedness and knowledge sharing, emerges to strengthen NGOs’ resilience. The current empirical and cross-sectional analysis proposes to use descriptive and correlational approach while securing support from Sense Making Theory for development of resilience of non-profits. The impact of social capital and systems thinking on organizational resilience with mediating role of organizational learning have been tested using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The unit of analysis comprises of management level employees employed in non-governmental organizations in one of the developing nations of South Asia. The results reveal that NGOs manage to remain adaptive and resilient during uncertainties and strengthen communities due to robust social capital and enterprise thinking. Correspondingly, organizational learning dynamically mediates the influence of social capital and systems thinking on resilience of non-governmental organizations. The wisdom of systems thinking helps to embrace flexibility as a whole and enables members to organize overall systems of integrated organizational components, thus developing sense of unclear inputs to endorse this sense in systems to make them more ordered and adaptive to change. Social capital suggests to screen and prioritize different environmental stimuli on basis of personal needs and goals, so that NGOs are not overwhelmed by constantly changing circumstances. Organizational learning has been found crucial outcome that intensely develops resilience in non-profit sectors. The significant aspect of the study is to understand the notion of organizational resilience, emerged as an effective response that unifies procedures and supports non-profit organizations to become adaptive, flexible and sustainable systems. Community service establishments, contributing to 3.25% in Pakistan’s GDP, are responsible for reducing the vulnerability of communities from misfortunes. The input of NGOS is under-capacity, undeniably due to inadequacy of knowledge, resources and joint capabilities. During major disruptions, inter-organizational networks and integrated systems approach through enhanced learning within the deliberate structures in the light of Sense Making Theory are deemed as fundamental determinants of strengthening resilience of NGOs. Sustained levels of non-profits’ resilience make them more adaptive and capable of preventing societies and households from exposing to disasters. Organizational resilience as a more pronounced form of crises management, disaster recovery and sustainability is regarded more crucial and effective in making NGOs adaptive to unexpected situations. Developing robust physical, rational and relational bonds provide commendable support for NGOs to gain access to resources and information. Likewise, the philosophy of holism create synergy by compounding efforts of all system’s components. Serving as precursors for community organizations, help to improve knowledge creation, acquisition and sharing within and among the concerned actors. Ultimately becoming adaptive, flexible and sustainable, resilient NGOs provide strong protection to distressed households to thrive during uncertainties.

Using Critical KM to Address “Wicked” Problems

(1604-1616)

John Dumay

Abstract

This article explores how knowledge management (KM) can reach beyond organisational boundaries to help solve the ‘wicked’ problems facing society today (Jacobs and Cuganesan, 2014). According to the United Nations, “eradicating poverty in all its forms and dimensions, including extreme poverty, is the greatest global challenge and an indispensable requirement for sustainable development”. However, KM mainly focuses on solving ‘tame’ organisational problems, rather than addressing “wicked” social problems (Horst and Webber, 1973). Arguably, KM was not designed to solve wicked problems. However, a rethinking of KM is needed to ensure that we do not continue to improve organisational performance that enriches companies at the expense maintaining a vicious circle of poverty for the workers, including children (Dumay et al., 2018). The paper is an essay based on evidence from the KM, IC, social and sustainability literature along with publicly-available data to demonstrate how KM can move from beyond organisational boundaries to address the wicked problems impacting them and the wider societal eco-system. The paper outlines why scholars and practitioners need to change the way they use KM in their organisations to address wicked problems through problem-driven research and how we need to reconceptualise KM as a technology for improving society. What appears to be missing from two decades of KM research is a voice critical of KM that has been present in IC since the early naughties. KM needs to be more like IC research. The essay demonstrates the need for knowledge managers to move beyond using KM science to improve organisations from the inside (Serenko and Dumay, 2015b). While it is still important to improve organisational efficiencies and manage the knowledge inside companies, it should not be at the expense of the most vulnerable members of society. By understanding the potential impacts that KM can have on improving society, and not just organisations, we can develop a renewed interest KM that can help address the ‘wicked’ problems facing society today. To do so, the paper introduces the concept of ‘collaborative organisational coalitions’ in place of ‘communities of practice’ as a way forward using problem-driven research.

Analysis on Financing Risks of China’s Intellectual Property Securitization

(1617-1629)

Xi Wang, Weichun Ma

Abstract

Based on the detailed analysis of the patented securitization of the American company of Royalty Pharma, this paper combs the risks existing in the financing of China’s intellectual property securitization and puts forward some suggestions to resolve the financing risks. In this paper, we propose an approach for Credit Risk+ model and analysis of the patented securitization of the American company of Royalty Pharma. This methodology puts in evidence China’s intellectual property securitization financing exists legal risk, transaction risk, credit risk, and so on. China should pay more attention to the establishment and improvement of the relevant legal system, actively explore China’s intellectual property securitization product structure. The outcomes can help to promote the stable operation of China’s intellectual property securitization.

Analysis on China ‘s Intellectual Property Securitization

(1630-1638)

Zhifang Liu, Fanjia Peng

Abstract

Securitization of intellectual property asset is an emerging financial service that has emerged in recent years in order to promote the transformation of high-tech, enhance the capability of independent innovation, reduce financing costs and diversify the risks of owners of intellectual property. In this paper we will discuss in detail the process of securitization of intellectual property and put forward some advice on a series of issues such as the risks arising from asset securitization. This paper mainly adopts the international comparison method for the research. As the earliest country of securitization of intellectual property, Britain has more successful cases and experiences for reference. This paper will provide a model for other countries by the analysis of the process of asset securitization in developed countries including Europe, the United States, etc. Based on the actual cases, we summarize the successful experience of asset securitization in developed countries and analyze the problems in the process of asset securitization in China, and make some constructive suggestions for risk control in this paper. This paper will provide reference comments for the problems arising from securitization of intellectual property and promote the development of securitization of intellectual property in China.

Improving the Accuracy of Waiting Time Prediction in Emergency Departments

(1639-1651)

Elisabetta Benevento, Davide Aloini, Riccardo Dulmin, Valeria Mininno

Abstract

This work aims to improve the accuracy of the waiting times prediction in ED, by incorporating queue variables enabled by process mining that capture the crowding of the activities inside the ED. By undertaking process mining, it is possible to gain insights into the hospital processes extracting the entire patient-flow and the queueing-related information (e.g., activity occurrence, sojourn timestamp, etc.). Enriching the set of possible predictors with queue-based variables may result in better prediction models. We determined a set of candidate predictor variables from the data, according to literature review and process analysis. Alongside the traditional features that influence waiting time in ED (patient, temporal and staff-based variables), we developed a new queue-based predictor that measure the queue for each ED activity, exploiting the event log and the patient-flows. Then, we implemented and tested three data mining techniques according to this set of predictors, to forecast the waiting time in ED. In this work, we used real data from an Italian Emergency Department. We innovatively derive the queue-based predictors, exploiting the process mining approach. Specifically, we started discovering the process model from the event log using process mining tools. The discovered process map allowed to obtain in-depth information about the structure of the process, the main patient-flows, the frequency and duration of activities. Exploiting such information, we were able to measure the queue of patients in front of each activity inside the process at any point in time. The paper can provide some practical indications both for patients and hospital managers. Providing patients with accurate waiting time information positively affect their behaviour by increasing their tolerance for waiting. This leads to increased patient satisfaction and reduces the number of patients who decide to leave the ED without being seen by a physician. From a hospital point of view, predicting the waiting time allows hospital manager to be constantly informed regarding the volume of patients in the ED and, thus, supports them in prioritizing patients and managing efficiently the resources.

Beyond IC 4.0: The Future Potential in the Private Healthcare of BI-tool Utilization

(1652-1667)

Milla Ratia, Jussi Myllärniemi

Abstract

The demand for supporting organizational decision-making has expanded from traditional industries also to the healthcare sector, covering not only the clinical side, but also the organizational level and its’ decision-making processes. Utilization of Business Intelligence (BI) and BI-tools can bring significant benefits in supporting organizational decision-making. Also, the private healthcare sector is seeking to improve their understanding of business processes to be able to improve their performance. The aim of this paper is to study the future potential of BI and BI-tool utilization in the private healthcare. The four evolution stages of IC enriched by managerial data-driven approach are used as a framework to point out the future potential of BI-tool utilization in the private healthcare sector. The research includes private healthcare organizations, BI-vendors and management consultants in Finland. The empirical data was collected during 2017. In total thirty thematic interviews of key-personnel responsible for BI were conducted, to gain understanding on the future potential of BI in the Finnish private healthcare industry. Data-driven decision-making and seeking for new business opportunities are currently one of the most discussed topics in the private healthcare sector. This study is putting together the components of IC and the future potential of BI and BI-tool utilization in the private healthcare sector. By identifying the future opportunities of BI, we gain better understanding on the role of IC components and BI in creating potential for new business for the private healthcare. The suggested approach has significant novelty value in the context of a Finnish private healthcare. There are two practical outcomes of this study. The first outcome will provide understanding on role of IC components in the future BI and BI-tool utilization. The second outcome of this research provides valuable insight into the future potential of BI in the private healthcare sector. This study will provide understanding on IC components role of the future BI, also providing valuable insight into the future of BI-tool utilization in the private healthcare sector, furthermore creating the potential for new business practices.

An Analysis of e-Government Systems in Indonesia: Stages of Evolution and Challenges

(1668-1681)

Punang Amaripuja, Fauziyah, Majang Palupi, Heru Kurnianto Tjahjono

Abstract

The number of internet users in Indonesia amounted to 104.96 million people in 2017, with an online penetration in the country at over 50 percent of the population. This number is expected to reach 133.39 million by 2021. Added to the fact that Indonesia has more than 17,000 islands it can thus be conceived that the development e-Government systems would give a major boost the effective and efficient delivery of public services. Unfortunately, Indonesia’s ranking in the United Nation’s e-Government Development Index has consistently declined since 2003 until 2016. This should be a warning sign for the government, and this paper reviews the challenges that have been plaguing e-Government systems at various governmental levels in Indonesia with the intention to provide a starting point to systematically address these challenges. The last section of the paper reports a case study of the management and challenges in the implementation of e-Government in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, and provides a review of the stages of development of e-Government services provided by the province. Yogyakarta is densely populated by students and has among the highest percentage of computer and internet literate citizens in the country, and thus should has a high potential for the optimum use of e-Government systems. This paper is a descriptive qualitative study which provides a review of the literature to discuss the development and progress of e-government in Indonesia and track the challenges in implementing e-government throughout the years, and provides a case study of the e-government in the Special Region of Yogyakarta based on a focus group discussion with government officials from the Department of Transportation, Communication, and Information (DTCI) and an online review of the stages of evolution of the e-government systems implemented by the regional government. The paper compiles the challenges of e-government implementation in Indonesia at the national and regional levels, and reports the specific challenges in the Special Region of Yogyakarta , and will be valuable for the planning and development of e-government systems in other regions. The lessons learned from the analysis may serve as feedback for the development, improvement, and refinement of e-government road maps.

Sustainability Reporting: A Comparison between SMEs and Large Organizations

(1682-1703)

Mariolina Longo, Matteo Mura, Leonardo Boni, Lorenzo Cellini

Abstract

This paper aims to analyze sustainability practices in organizations. Specifically, the paper aims to: (i) develop a framework of key performance indicators for assessing and mapping sustainability practices of companies in a standardized form; (ii) explore which sustainability practices do companies report; (iii) explore the differences in sustainability practices between small and medium-sized enterprises and large organizations. Data for this study have been collected by means of secondary sources (i.e. companies’ websites and reports). Overall, 2,000 companies have been assessed based on the sustainability framework that has been developed, thus providing an unprecedented source of information for exploring and researching sustainability practices in organizations. Our results contribute to the debate on sustainability reporting and disclosure in different ways. The first methodological contribution consists in the development of a measurement framework that builds on existing sustainability frameworks designed mainly for large public organizations, but appropriately adapted to SMEs. The second contribution refers to the analysis of sustainability practices by comparing SMEs and LEs. To our knowledge, this is the first study that compares SMEs and LEs by using such a large amount of data, thus detailing whether “size matters” when it comes to embed sustainability into organizational processes