Final year librarianship students at a South African University are required to do a six months work integrated learning (WIL) programme in a real workplace environment. The purpose of the WIL is to put theory into practice so that the students can gain workplace experience. To gain experience, students are assigned mentors who teach them the job hands-on. During that process it is assumed that tacit knowledge is transferred from the mentors to the students. Tacit knowledge transfer has been a matter of intense debate in the knowledge management field. The purpose of the study was to investigate whether tacit knowledge is transferable from professional mentors in industry and students doing WIL. Further to that, the study sought to investigate if there are tacit knowledge transfer barriers that students face when they are doing their WIL. A qualitative case study was adopted. The case is a department in a South African University. Content analysis was used to analyse students’ WIL reports. 120 reports collected over a period of four years were analysed. Studies on knowledge transfer in internship programmes have been conducted and revealed many results. This study is unique in that it focused on a different context. Results reveal that tacit knowledge is transferred from mentors to students. This is because after WIL, students gain cognitive (ability to take job related decisions) and technical skills (ability to perform job related functions). The major barriers to tacit knowledge transfer are insufficient time for WIL, unwillingness of mentors to teach students and a slow absorptive capacity rate of students. This study has revealed that tacit knowledge is transferable although there are barriers to its transfer. The results inform organisations and Universities about the current WIL situation and suggests ways to improve the current situation. Institutions will have to find ways to eliminate the barriers to facilitate the successful transfer of knowledge so that students fully benefit from WIL programmes.

The author introduces benchmarking as a tool for improving university’s technology transfer performance. As it is well known, universities are now considered to be the starting point of technology transfer process, when knowledge is generated in universities and then delivered to firms and markets. This fact requires from university management to transform university’s activity: to establish new departments (such as business incubators), to implement new policies, and to change education programs. However, there is frequently no clear understanding what specific pattern should be chosen as an exemplar. Benchmarking allows to design the transformation program which matches particular university. In order to take a productive part in technology transfer process universities have to support academic entrepreneurship and transform their traditional form into “entrepreneurial university” form. In fact, the core feature of entrepreneurial university consists in supporting academic entrepreneurship, i.e. creating university’s spin-offs, licensing, joint research projects with business, etc. We propose the approach that helps universities to create their transforming strategy based on constructing ideal models of entrepreneurial university through benchmarking. At that, these models take into account university’s strategic goals, field of knowledge, and other factors. This challenge forces universities to look for new management techniques and performance assessment methods. Benchmarking methodology is applied to a variety of tasks, both for marketing and management purposes. Obviously, each university has its unique characteristics – experience, faculty number, fields of research, geographical position to name a few. Thus, it would be impractical to develop one standard model of entrepreneurial university in universities. We believe benchmarking can provide university’s decision-makers with a model adjusted to specific circumstances and needs. The outcomes of the application can be used by universities which set becoming entrepreneurial as one of their priorities, but they lack appropriate organizational elements or policies. First, this approach is intended for universities in developing countries, where experience of academic entrepreneurship is not sufficient and many proper mechanisms (such as government’s support) are not advanced well. For these universities adopting practices of universities from the USA or Great Britain may become an insurmountable problem. By employing the method described in the paper universities are able to implement best practices in a more flexible way.

How to distinguish the best or worst institutions of higher education? This is a question that permeates the minds and hearts of parents, students, and teachers because education is an investment in the personal and nation’s future. As a source of information for the response to asking, the University Ranking of Folha – RUF appears. Known for its traditional evaluation, the Folha’s Ranking is considered an independent evaluation tool and provides a ranking of the best Brazilian universities. 74% of the data are related to research areas and postgraduate programs. Who regulates and supervises the postgraduate programs in Brazil is CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior), authorizing or not the program, assigning a score from 1 to 7, with 7 being the best score. Your data for this evaluation is published. In this article, are using machine learning techniques based on Naïve Bayes algorithms. CAPES data and the Folha’s Ranking of previous years are used as the training mass for the machine Naïve Bayes algorithm. After the training, CAPES data from 2015 was applied to predict the 2016 Ranking with a hit rate of 61.5%. A percentage above 60 of the Folha’s Ranking shows that it is possible, with a more detailed study and analysis of the techniques, to predict with a certain confidence. It should be noted that according to the Folha’s Ranking roles, the Scientific Research (mostly postgraduate) corresponds to a weight of 42% in the ranking.

In this research, it is very important to show how the global learning of the students has evolved due to the IT (Information Technologies and Communication Technology) in the higher degrees. These problems are addressed through a comprehensive and systematic strategy regarding the management of education and training methods for teachers, in such a way that the different modalities of the use of ICTs are incorporated. (UNESCO, 2008). The proposal of the Unesco was for 2015, and actually is already applied. This research is focused on the new modality of curriculum of the University of Guadalajara in the higher degree that is to have the B-learning, as an alternative to the face to face or classroom modality. In the University of Guadalajara exists the Virtual modality, but the results are not the expected to achieve competitiveness in the workplace, deficiencies were detected and this motivated the design of the B-learning plan and to carry out this investigation to analyze if the results have been positives. The objective of this modality was designed so that the graduates achieves competitive skills in the work environment with the B-learning modality. Based on the antecedents of the desertion of the students in the University center due to economic reasons and to avoid the desertion, this modality was developed. This has resulted in some students of the face-to-face can make their change to B-learning due to lack of financial resources and not to drop out and can look for a job at the same time they study and work. The methodology is a quantitative and qualitative research. An exploratory investigation, Hernández et al. (2010) is to examine the problem considering the type of phenomenon investigated, an exploratory approach, phenomenology, correlation of variance and prospective according to Bernal (2010). A correlation analysis of variance is performed through the Analysis of Variance model (ANOVA). With data collection from 2015 to 2017.

Cities drive urban, social and economic development and select a path for sustainability following a smart approach. Cities should evolve as smart communities understanding the potential of information technology to support collaboration between public and private organizations in order to improve urban competitiveness, sustain innovation and ensure the quality of life. The aim of this study is to identify the dimensions leading cities to sustainability: developing a smart approach; sustaining the role of municipal institutions for building smart governance; promoting education, learning and innovation. As smart communities, cities use technology to develop smartness and sustainability for knowledge and innovation. This study is based on archival and qualitative data drawn by literature review and analysis on smart and sustainable cities and communities. Cities promoting a smart approach should select a path for sustainability. Identifying dimensions driving cities to develop as sustainable cities and communities helps to identify knowledge source for innovation and urban growth. As smart and sustainable communities, cities should encourage partnerships between private and public actors in order to provide services, create and ensure high quality of life. As communities, cities should support people by sustaining learning and education, developing smart institutions of governance to design policies driving sustainable urban growth and development.

The overall aim of this paper is to provide knowledge on the importance of organisation as a strategic factor in creating innovative models driving to a sustainable and resilient urban planning in conflict territories. Yet, given the locally critical conditions of the municipality of Jenin despite the on-going Palestinian and Israeli conflict, the paper will attempt to understand if the local community and its actors can still benefit from places and spaces for action where all can develop activities aimed at constructing and sharing knowledge. If that is the case, the goal is to investigate the conditions for contemplating an effective and suitable model of organisation that would support Jenin’s resilient and sustainable planning. The paper will aim to respond to the following research question: RQ1: In what way it is possible to generate Public Value through effective public policies in conflict/occupied settings? RQ2: If it was still possible to produce collective value, what would it be the most valuable organisational model able to stimulates innovation within communities? If yes, once people have been made enabled to acquire, develop and manage information and knowledge, in what ways does the model contribute to triggering off processes of transformation in the urban ecosystem? Would there be the case to imagine a specific model for Jenin? The suggested approach is firstly based on the review of the literature available on organisation models, smart communities, collaborative relationships, knowledge creation, value co-creation and citizen co-production, sustainable urban planning. Secondly, the paper presents a case study that explores some manifestations of community resilience and self-protection mechanisms. The approach used to study this case is qualitative: a number of 930 participants have gathered in this type of research. However, it serves as a spring board for a deeper understanding on conflict communities that can inform theory, practice, and specific situations. Originality is given, firstly, by the topic as it combines the issue of conflict with the capacity of community under threat to leverage on its resilient capabilities. The research will inform about the development of unique mechanisms for self-protection and self-management which reconcile inter-organisational aspects with a macro-level view. Secondly, by the methodology used that, highlighting the multidisciplinary character of urban and territorial planning, focuses on organisation-related implications at both levels. . The paper will tell is all the municipality of Jenin owned the necessary existing resources for stimulating innovation for social and cultural change and activate processes of transformation in a conflict, but resilient, community. Its outcome will be to preliminarily investigate the existence of all the conditions above in order to imagine a specific organisational model for Jenin. Eventually, the model would enable the community itself to share knowledge, co-produce services and create value in order to manage the local assets in the wider perspective of urban and territorial planning.

Increasing attention is being paid towards the potential of social innovation in responding to society’s greatest challenges. While measures have been taken to support the flourishing of these innovations, they have thus far been made on ideal models of development, misaligned with what occurs in reality. This has led to the creation of supporting infrastructures that fail to respond to the real needs of social innovators. The paper seeks to provide a picture of the real social innovation development process through a case-based discussion coming from the results of, SIMPACT, a recently concluded EU research project, where nearly 60 cases of SI across Europe were analysed, with a specific focus on their economic foundation. In the article, we will demonstrate how SI – described by existing frameworks as a rational and structured sequence of prompts, proposals, prototyping, sustaining and scaling – actually takes place in constrained contexts and typically develops as a frugal answer to a social problem. The article will highlight how SIs do not take shape in isolation, and how the ecosystem plays a relevant role in making them flourish. The article will offer substantial empirical evidence that a support system is fundamental in making SI thrive, thus providing relevant insights and guidance for policy making, with particular emphasis on the concept of SI ecosystems.

Cities are the centre of innovation, hub of financial district, strength of economy and prospect of country’s future and development. Building a city “Smart” requires use of advanced technologies to enhance quality and safety of its citizen and at the same time mitigate current catastrophes and issues and foresee future events. The main aim of the paper is to express different visions of smart cities from the vantage point of a socialist, a normal citizen and younger generation. Further this paper shares the best practices for a true smart city. The authors of the paper propose an approach to integrate the smart city from three different visions: as a Purpose Economic Capital which is driven by key five drivers like emerging technology, millennial generation, economic and political instability, different mind-sets, and changing needs. Secondly from a vision a Future Smart City, this includes some critical attributes like – self-sufficient society, government of volunteers, transportation system, education and learning, etc. Lastly from the view point of the younger generation which is known as Youthful cities. This methodology puts in evidence to what is known as Youthful Cities. More than half of the world’s current population is young and majority of the youths are living in modern cities and the migration of young people moving to cities keep increasing day by day. The term Youthful city means how the younger generation see their version of the smart city which includes some of the minimum indicators that the smart city should possess like – health and safety, entrepreneurship, digital age, diversity, saving environment, transportation system, financial independence, and food and nightlife. This paper shows the different versions of the smart city from the points of view of various members of the society. Citizens will witness the purposeful economic cities from the view of socialist members of the society. On the other side citizens will notice the requirements of a common man. Lastly, the future of smart city as imagined by younger generation is shown by the concept of youthful cities. The outcome of the paper is to combine all the visions and show the results in a form of best practices for a modern smart city.

Non-profit organizations are dynamic actors in the contemporary society, contributing to the community development and general welfare. They are primarily credited of answering to social needs, but they could also contribute to economic, cultural, or behavioral transformations by cooperating with public bodies and other individuals and organizational actors. The paper investigates the perceived role of non-profit organizations in the development of communities and cities, having in mind a Quadruple Helix framework. We propose a two steps investigation of the relationships between nonprofit organizations and the actors of the Quadruple Helix. A succinct literature review aims to clarify the relationships between NGOs and public bodies, as well as the role NGOs have in urban development. The second stage consists in the analysis of two case studies from Romania, highlighting the mechanisms of interactions and the outcomes of NGOs involvement in urban development. This methodology puts in evidence the place of NGOs as active members of the Quadruple Helix in urban development. The paper highlights not the actual impact of non-profit organizations on urban development, facilitating the development of effective public policies involving these organizations, maximizing their potential impact in the social and economic fabric. The paper leads to better understanding of the knowledge transfer chain, especially connected to the relationship between NGOs and public bodies. At the policy-makers level, it offers a clearer understanding of the framework in which they operate, would help then involve local communities and NGOs.

In today’s dynamic world, the advancement and rhythm of information and knowledge challenge even the most open-minded individuals, communities and societies. The present times have begun to require more than adaptive answers from the human ecosystems, they claim pro-action and a leading-edge vision towards knowledge acquisition, conversion and generation for the collective welfare. This being the case, there are specific social categories with a great potential to efficiently and properly handle knowledge in order to substantively transform the societal landscape. Here, the researchers come forth as mediators between the life of mind and knowledge in action by means of their skills to convert scientific research into collective practical outcomes. Starting from these considerations, the paper intends to approach the role of the researcher and, inherently, the function of research within the boundaries of given social structures, namely smart cities. With a view to methodologically support the pursuit of the research purpose, a synthesis of the theoretical developments on the topic was conducted, followed by a questionnaire-based survey with Romanian academics from different fields of research. The study aims to bring to the fore the unique mediating role of researchers who succeed in shaping knowledge emerging from the general questions asked within various environments towards valuable responses translated into innovative ideas, products and services for local communities acting as smart cities. As such a mediation process requires a comprehensive array of compelling interactions among entities and phenomena, a thorough investigation of the researchers’ skills and research repertoire is of the essence. The envisioned research places the discussion of the role of researchers as facilitators of long-term societal success, as promoters of smart cities, at the core of a conceptual and empirical analysis. Building on the multiple facets of researchers – specialists in their field, citizens and constituents of the public opinion, members of funding agencies and administrative entities, sources of information and educators, influencers and beneficiary of research results – the paper examines their transformative social potential towards innovation in a dynamic world.

Attracting skilled students is an important aim of many cities in a knowledge-based society. This paper focuses on urban factors of attractiveness from a student’s perspective and analyses their influence on locational choices of students. The criteria found were also used to evaluate how the City of Osnabrück, Germany, is rated in terms of these criteria and to reveal the greatest discrepancies. The paper is based on a multi-level empirical research concept, including qualitative and quantitative approaches. A survey of 2,300 students was conducted in Osnabrück on the basis of focus group discussions with students and interviews with various experts such as a neighbourhood manager, an urban planner, a district mayor, a college president, a real estate manager. To date, little research has been undertaken to empirically examine the specific requirements that German students look for in a place to live and study. According to the author’s present state of knowledge (January 2018), a comparable study has not been done. The main contribution of this paper is the empirical analysis of what makes cities attractive to students. In contrast to the findings of Richard Florida about the Creative Class, the cleanliness of a city, beautiful city scenery, and attractive apartments are more important to students than cultural offers, interesting job opportunities, or a multicultural population. Insights from the empirical survey can both help to analyse important factors in students’ decision-making process and provide possible measures that the city stakeholders can take.

The purpose of this paper is to outline the challenges faced in supporting strategic levels of Knowledge Management (KM) in Disaster Management and to propose approaches to mitigate these in the future. The paper will draw on a deep understanding of KM to explore how to develop a common platform that will enable Disaster Management to utilise the Knowledge Base, with Knowledge Sharing, on business activities in Disaster Management systems. It will elaborate the role of the range of support organisations in the process of mitigating disasters and how these in turn might benefit from the utilisation of Knowledge Management practices and procedures. The paper will draw on a narrative analysis of the crisis response in a tsunami that wrecked havoc on telecom, infrastructural support seen from a complexity theory perspective. Data were collected through 11 in‐depth interviews of persons involved in the crisis response and through an analysis of secondary data. The Research conducted will discuss how KM was implemented and how effective the resulting systems were. The paper will embed the concepts of Knowledge Management and Knowledge Systems into the context of their utility in Disaster Management and develop Knowledge Strategies that can predict future action points which are vital for successful Disaster Management. The outcomes of the paper is to provide an analytical set of learning for Disaster Management using convergence of IT, Knowledge Management Systems for Emergency response teams on shore, on land and in air.

Chronic diseases are a crucial matter for worldwide National Health Systems; they represent one of the first causes of disability, mortality and morbidity, due to their persistency and tendency to develop some degree of disability (WHO, 2013). To ensure the economic and social sustainability of such diseases, new healthcare business models development should be considered. Accordingly, Chronic Diseases Management shows how patients are enabled to actively take part of their healthcare by taking advantage of Internet of Things (IoT) (Batalden et al., 2018). This is particularly highlighted in cardiac chronicity: patients enhance their health status, by increasing the participation level (Osborne et al., 2016) on their care pathway, through telemedicine. Accordingly, the main purpose of this work is to explain how is possible to improve real time medical information exchange between patient and hospital, by using technological infrastructures. Just in time information allows the clinical staff to improve the chronicity management. This means: increasing quality of life for patients, optimisation of hospital workload, cost saving. It was adopted a pilot case study method (Yin, 2014), classified as “Extreme Case Sampling” (Patton, 2002). Study concerns with the observation of remote management of a group of heart failure (HF) patients that, at moment of discharge, are equipped with: i) electrocardiograph; ii) weight scale; iii) pulse-oximeter; iv) sphygmomanometer. All those medical devices are connected with a mobile transmitter. Thus, according with his/her own clinical protocol, each patient provides both the self-measurement and dispatch of his/her own clinical data. These data are sent on a website platform, where, on a daily basis, cardiology staff check them. The availability of these biomedical parameters allows medical staff to predict patient’s health status evolution. Before a patient’s health condition worsens, a predictive model, based on patients’ co- production and IoT, allows the medical staff to provide a TRIAGE aimed at promptly manage those troubled patients. Preliminary findings show that: i) patients were managed exclusive by telephone contact ii) no HF relapse, iii) no ER transit; iv) none hospitalization. Also a cost saving was observed. Empirical experience demonstrates that possibility to share clinical information might change the traditional paradigm (Cahn, 2000) of service providing. As complexity increases, information requirements increase; thus, managerial approaches to healthcare change. Patient’s participation and IoT technologies become critical drivers in chronicity management sustainability: operative inputs able to enhance also Social Value of services provided.

In a SMART community, individuals from different parts of the world and various hierarchical levels of the same or different organization are aware of their role in the community and help each other to solve problems, by sharing with others insights, experiences, emotions, beliefs, and know-how. As a result, they identify new perspectives, from which the problems could be approached, develop new tools. In other words, they start by disseminating a mix of emotional and cognitive knowledge and end up creating mainly cognitive knowledge, and secondary emotional knowledge. Within this framework, the research concentrates on describing how knowledge is shared within a SMART community. The focus is on the type of shared knowledge and also on the knowledge flow direction. Since SMART communities describe both the private and public entities, two case study units are selected. The first one belongs to the business environment and is represented by TripAdvisor, world’s largest travel site while the second one belongs to the public environment and is represented by Barcelona City Hall. Further, the Facebook page of both units is analysed; these serve as a starting point in identifying what type of knowledge is shared among the SMART communities’ members and how knowledge flows in each community. Data are extracted using Netvizz App. The activity is tracked and synthesized from September 1, 2017 until February 1, 2018. Therefore, 469 posts with 150 users liking or commenting 38 119 times are extracted and processed based on social network analysis. This methodology puts in evidence the nexus between knowledge management, SMART communities, and social media; the last one may serve as an instrument for knowledge sharing and also as a transactive memory system. Furthermore, it proves that SMART communities foster the relationships developed among the members, and support the acquisition and dissemination of emotional and cognitive knowledge. At the policy-makers level, it offers a viable tool which can get the managers closer to their customers and can also improve the communication and collaboration between the firm and its external stakeholders. Using technology as driver for developing and breeding new knowledge helps processes of value creation and knowledge sharing in a digital world leading smart, online and virtual communities build forms of collaboration and co-create economic and social value involving all the stakeholders and actors living in the digital ecosystem.

Political system in Italy has known over the years frequent government turnovers, making the government average institutional life very short. Horovitz, Hoff and Milanovic (2009) define political instability as “a basic source of variation in institutions and practices (… whose) frequency and character depend on voter preferences, political institutions, and salient events and issues” (p. 107). Political instability depending on frequent government turnovers entails a leadership change and an ideology change. This study aims to contribute to the literature on public sector management, by focusing on the administrative leadership in the Italian context. In our study, we draw from the literature on change uncertainty with the aim of investigating how government instability generates perceived environmental uncertainty affecting the behaviour and the competencies of individuals who work more in touch with the high spheres of public policy, i.e. public top managers. Despite the increasing attention for public leadership in complex environment, research neglected the effects of policy and organizational changes on public management behaviors. This paper aims to investigate the key role of public management in exercising leadership and in planning strategic activities. Our paper presents a discussion on how change in the public administration environment could create a perceived uncertainty among top–managers whose assignment will end with the collapse of the government. This uncertainty affects their competencies (i.e. the motivation to lead), in terms of efforts they exert to perform their high level administrative leadership duties, and on planning activity, in terms of the goals’ difficulty related to their projects or executive programs.

Competency, within the human resources field, is associated with the work of Boyatzis (2008) who defined competencies as the characteristics associated with exceptional managerial and organizational performance. The competency-based human resources is nowadays considered as a common practice since David McClelland (1973) first proposed competence as a key to investigate performance. In our paper we argue that competence model is a powerful tool to standardize and to control people. We adopt a post-structuralist view in order to interpret the concept of competence and to argue the main aim of the model is to define behavioral (and technical) skills in order to have similar responses in specific circumstances.

The purpose of this study is to examine specifically the configuration of distributive justice (DJ) and interactional justice (IJ) in various situations and their impact on dysfunctional behaviour among the Millennials. We propose an approach of experimental study on master degree students by creating four configurations of justice situation: (1) high distributive justice and high interactional justice situation, (2) high distributive justice and low interactional justice situation, (3) low distributive justice and high interactional justice situation, and (4) low distributive justice and low procedural fairness situation. Every subject was treated within subject design, meaning that each subject gets four treatments on different days. They listen to the case narration read by the facilitator who has the ability to involve the subjects in the narration read. The case involves the subject as an employee within the organization and gets treatment of distributive justice and interactional justice in four configuration situations described on different days. Students were asked to respond to a questionnaire containing items to test whether they are being treated equally in a distributive and interactional manner. This test was a check against the manipulations performed in the experimental study. After that the students responded to the questionnaire which contained the tendency to conduct dysfunctional behaviour after receiving treatment delivered by the facilitator. Lastly, descriptive testing averages the responses of dysfunctional behaviour over the various configurations of the distributive and interactional situations they perceive. To complete the experiment, interviews of several subjects were associated with high, medium and low dysfunctional behaviour. This methodology puts in at least two evidences. First is the importance of incorporating the configuration of distributive justice and interactional justice in explaining dysfunctional behaviour within the organization which have not been studied before. Second, the presence of Millennials in the workplace that are seen as creative, multitasking, technology-friendly and respectful of diversity, but there is a tendency to be less mentally tough and less obedient to superiors and management. This is interesting because today’s Millennials are generally at low level of management and few of them are in the middle management level who are dealing with values that are generally different from those of the Millennials. The question on how the phenomenon of dysfunctional behaviour among Millennials in responding to justice management in their perception will be interesting to be examined. This study provides the primary data related to the phenomenon of dysfunctional behaviour among Millennials in responding to justice management in their perceptions. The outcomes of this study suggests that among the Millennials distributive justice factors play a more dominant role in explaining dysfunctional behaviour than interactional justice. This generation looks more pragmatic when joining an organization. Welfare motives are still dominant over the social aspects of the workplace, but the compensation and careers described are important to them if such compensation and careers are deemed challenging. This study also suggested that it will be more challenging in the future if a deeper comparisons are made between Millennials and X Generation or even Baby Boomers generation. Comparison between generations will be interesting especially the more dramatic differences with the frequent misunderstanding between the Millennials and Baby Boomers. It is also important to consider other demographic aspects which appropriate to the work context within the organization and involve a more comprehensive aspect of organizational justice.

This paper aims to analyse which is the effective and potential role of big data in the field of Human Resource Management (HRM). This specific relationship is gathering a relevant interest among HR practitioners and professionals – as reports from some important consultancy firms confirm; at the same time, academic debate asks for more research to examine in depth, study and understand the phenomenon and its implications. In this perspective, our analysis focuses on the perception of the HR managers on the impact that big data actually have, may have, or would have on the whole management of HR and on the possible problems which the HR Departments may encounter when they face this challenge. The study is based on the analysis of data gathered through semi-structured interviews, carried out in a multiple case study technique on a small convenience sample of HR managers in some Italian enterprises, developed with an exploratory approach, coherently to the characteristics of the topic and the choice we did to focus the attention on perceptions. We think that a specific attention towards perceptions shown by the managers involved is the first and more important element conditioning their attitude towards this phenomenon and the possibility that it can be considered a positive challenge. This approach puts in evidence the subjective perspective of HR Managers and the HR Department on Big Data which are currently quite unexplored in academic literature. Our research underlines the importance for HR Departments in dealing with big data. Indeed, this Department is the one that is legitimated to be in charge of all HR-related functions and should assume a key role in contributing proactively to the ongoing and ‘compelling’ process of organizational change, which is necessary to face big data.

Though there has been a vast amount of research on knowledge sharing, not many papers deal with intrinsic and extrinsic life goals in terms of knowledge sharing. The aim of the research was to examine the factors determining the knowledge sharing willingness of Generation Z. The research was conducted as a comparative analysis of two nations (Slovak and Hungarian). The following questions were also in the focus: How do young people perceive intrinsic and extrinsic goals? Do the goals preferred by students affect their knowledge sharing willingness, and whether age and gender influence the importance of different life goals? The questionnaire survey investigated the correlation between the knowledge sharing willingness of Generation Z and the intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting their goals. The survey was used to measure the knowledge-friendly nature of classroom culture, knowledge sharing willingness and intrinsic/extrinsic life goals. The responses were given on a five-point Likert scale. The Aspiration Index (AI) was used to assess internal and external life goals. The survey was conducted with the participation of primary- and secondary-school students in 2017. The data were processed in SPSS. Univariate (mean, standard deviation) and multivariate (ANOVA, two-sample t-test, factor analysis) analyses were used. The methodology puts in evidence that national culture has an influence on how much a school community is knowledge-friendly. Cultural characteristics do have an impact on confidence, learning and behavioural attitudes. According to the Aspiration Index, intrinsic life goals prevail over extrinsic ones. Intrinsic life goals gain more importance with growing age, and extrinsic ones lose it. A highly materialistic approach (extrinsic goals) reduces one’s ability to cooperate, increases competition and a self-centred approach and hinders knowledge sharing. In order to build a successful knowledge management system, there is a need for a healthy balance between individualistic and collectivist cultures. A classroom culture providing security, support, motivation and mutual help reinforces knowledge sharing. There is a need to foster school and organisational cultures, which include the above features. The question arises, how young people can be motivated to prefer intrinsic life goals to materialistic ones. The solution might be to create a supportive culture and launch initiatives encouraging cooperation. Focusing on the above mentioned areas positively influences people’s values, behaviour and organisational and individual success in their adulthood.

This paper aims to contribute to the research on dealing with unexpected events and crises by revealing and connecting organizational conditions and personal behavioral patterns and skills which help project managers cope with these types of events. This exploratory study uses an interpretative approach in a series of semi-structured interviews with the manager who helped bring a project that was interrupted for eight years to a successful conclusion. We reveal and connect organizational conditions and individual behavioral patterns that help managers cope with the unexpected. A unique way of interacting with stakeholders was found to be an important factor in the success of the project that is the object of this research. The study implies the importance of specific organizational conditions to exist in an organization in order to enable behavioral patterns that help coping with unexpected events.