Our empirical study seek to identify the types of innovation capabilities required by firms to handle the digital transformation. The financial industry has already experienced the consequences of digitalization in addition to increased competition due to de-regulations. We have conducted a study of how the players in the mobile payment market are searching for dynamic capabilities. Digital transformation not only implies that implementing new technology, but changing the organization, as well as enhancing innovation capabilities. We apply theory from strategic management related to organizations’ resources and abilities to develop capabilities as an analytical lens. Data was collected through a qualitative research process from nine different players in to the mobile payment market. Our sample consists of market participants, collaborators and analysts, and industry observers. We gathered secondary information from the financial press, various market reports and publicly available sources. Our empirical findings contributes to our insight into how dynamic capabilities are created in the financial market for mobile payments. Developing dynamic capabilities involves the three processes of sensing, seizing and transforming- and we have utilized this framework to specify what developing dynamic capabilities means in the market for mobile payments. Management orientations and attitudes related to innovation are thus central to the development of innovation capabilities. The results from the study indicate that innovation capabilities are not identifiable structures themselves, but consist of a number of reinforcing internal practices and processes in the company. This interpretation implies that businesses can choose different strategic approaches to innovation, depending on the capabilities they hold, what resources they have at their disposal and the industry challenges they face. The study shows that dynamic capabilities are related to the ability to acquire sufficient information about new practice, transforming it into relevant knowledge, and incorporating it into the organization. This will be a dynamic process that can be systematized and elaborated throughout the organization. We can conclude that the search for dynamic capabilities require the organization to be open for new development ideas, create relationships with partners and are aware of the challenge of both competing and cooperating at the same time to be prepared for digital transformation.

Conducting research with children, who have different abilities from adults, in terms of language understanding and level of attention, is a challenging task, especially concerning novel interactive systems such as social robots. Consequently, self-reporting methods are often replaced or supplemented by observational methods that are usually carried out taking advantage of video recordings. However, some limitations make this approach challenging for studies conducted with groups of children in real world environments, whose relevance is being addressed more and more frequently in HRI research. Thus, there is a growing need for rigorous observation approaches in unstructured test environments. This paper presents an alternative analysis approach, in relation to an experimental child-robot interaction application, which was developed at the Academy of Arts and Design, Tsinghua University, China. The proposed methodology has the aim of providing a framework to facilitate knowledge identification and structuring. It was implemented for experiment evaluation and validation purposes, as well as to propose a reference structure for the organization of new experiments and the stimulation of new ideas and activities in the design process. The methodological approach, which structures and uses cognitive maps to elaborate multicriteria evaluation models, is not new to the Operations Research field (where it is defined as a multimethodology application of Soft OR), but it has not yet been applied in the field of Human Robot Interaction studies, to analyze children’s perception of a robot and to identify the factors that can affect a good child-robot interaction, or to structure knowledge that can be shared to guide the design process of robots for the experience of children playing. This methodology provides a logical structure which can be used to identify the effectiveness or limits of design choices, pertaining to such aspects as the morphology or movement of robots, or the choice of their specific role in education, all of which play crucial roles in the design process and could be improved to achieve better results. This structured identification is a practical implication for the design process, above all when it is oriented toward social robots and their interaction with children or elderly senile people. In this case, the outcomes were the identification of important elements of an experiment (psychological profiles of the involved children and possible problems or risks) and their impact on the design process.

The purpose of this study is to examine complexity within digital accounting processes through the use of knowledge management. During the last decades, digital technologies have fundamentally transformed business processes, implicating the prevalent need for complexity reduction in companies. As a result, the identification and measurement of relevant digital process complexity forms can be recognized as an effective strategy to improve on their process performance. Based on the data analysis, a framework was developed for practical application on business process models in order to analyse, identify and monitor digital accounting process complexity. A qualitative approach has been applied to explore employees’ process knowledge and complexity perception. Building on inductive research, this research used a single case study as research design. The case study which had been selected is the accounting department of the airport operator Fraport AG. Based on the nature of the problem, the case study research applied multiple sources of evidence, such as interviews for the primary data collection and archival records, especially process descriptions and documentations as secondary data. The framework will improve digital process complexity understanding and the effectiveness of complexity reduction strategies within digital administrative accounting processes. The study also provides fresh insights regarding the correlation between digital process complexity strategies and the evaluation framework. Thus, it bridges the gap between theoretical understanding and real-life practice of complexity in digital business processes. This research has not only practical implications for the single case company, but also for other companies within similar industries. The findings show how the theory can be applied in practical settings and how theory needs to be adapted in order to serve the practical needs. By bridging this gap between theory and practice, new knowledge is derived and enabled to be applied in practice. The framework is suitable for all accounting processes in the aviation industry and provides an effective tool for monitoring, improving and preventing complexity-based bottlenecks.

The study seeks to investigate the influence of entrepreneurial orientation and knowledge management on resilience and performance of emergent financial technology startups (Fintechs) in Lahore, Pakistan through the development of dynamic capabilities when confronted with environmental dynamism. Based on the tentative deductions derived from Dynamic Capability View (DCV) of emergent financial sector ventures, this paper employs Partial Least Square for Structured Equation Modeling in order to investigate these hypotheses. Sample in the intended cross-sectional study contains empirical analysis performed on primary data collected from knowledge workers employed in emergent financial technology startups. In reference to the current study’s context, the findings suggest that entrepreneurial positioning inclusive of pro-activeness, zeal, innovativeness, novelty and risk taking and knowledge management practices inclusive of storage and dissemination are considered to be a fundamental supporting entity for increasing resilience and performance of evolving startups in financial technology sector. Entrepreneurial orientation incurs a positive influence when these organizations develop their dynamic capabilities by reconfiguring, building and integrating competencies during the course of dynamism and uncertainty in the external business environment. Similarly knowledge management practices also have a positive impact on the developing dynamic capabilities of the organization. Implementation of effective knowledge management practices results in reconfiguring and advancing the companies’ dynamic competences under the conditions of dynamism and unexpected changes occurring in the external business environment. Consequently, fin-techs succeed to accomplish their goals of spirit, adaptive capacity i.e. increased resilience and escalated performance. This envisioned investigation accentuates the vital role of ground-breaking and innovative sense of direction as well as diffusion and loading critical knowledge for building irrepressible and tremendous performing firms that use digital platforms and financial technology models and partner with banks for providing digital financial services to the customers. These startups with time help ripen their dynamic capabilities by means of sensing the high velocity and brisk changes occurring in the environment such as globalization technological advancement and continuously changing customer demands, seizing unsurpassed opportunities and reconfiguring their internal processes in compliance to external transformations. Pioneering and inventive startups must understand the strength and significance of retaining dynamic capabilities by possessing unique and valuable resources in defiance of external threats and unforeseen event manifestations in order to establish adaptive response capacity and ensure high financial and market performance with regard to rising sales revenue, value-added profits, increased market share and higher customer satisfaction. Gaps and foremost challenges that derive this research undertaking are worth noticing and have important implications for increasing the performance and resilience these technology based financial service providers of Pakistan. This research undertaking with provide insight on the significant role of entrepreneurial spirit, knowledge management to make these organizations dynamically capable for achieving long terms reliance and sustained performance goals. Keywords – Entrepreneurial orientation, dynamic capabilities, environmental dynamism, long term performance, organizational resilience, knowledge workers

This paper aims to contribute in diffusing practice of training evaluation in banks with specific reference to anti-money laundering issue. We believe this tool can, in a mediated way, support banking personnel fighting against financial crimes, by providing them with specific skills, that would avoid exposure to knowledge waste, skills that training alone, in some cases, does not guarantee. To achieve this goal, we start interviewing a bank’s chairman, to determine if there are the conditions for a future application of evaluation models on anti-money laundering training. Semi-structured in-depth interview to a Board Chairman of an Italian bank is carried out. A thematic content analysis is applied to process data generated by interviewing the privileged observer. Information obtained allowed us to reflect on the possibility of applying an evaluation model to the anti-money laundering training program of the bank. In this work, a different point of view on Knowledge management is proposed, considering the possibility to investigate the effects that evaluation of anti- money laundering training could have on the exposure of banks to knowledge risks. We hope that the interview with the president of the Italian bank will follow a concrete experience of applying evaluation models on anti-money laundering training, and then spread the experience to other banks in other countries.

This article aims to propose a framework for analyzing critical knowledge related to organizational resilience capabilities. For this, the framework was verified through its application through a case study in a technology-based company. It is an applied research, of qualitative approach that uses the Design Science Research for its development, whose stages are: (I) problem identification and motivation; (II) definition of the objectives of the solution; (III) projection and development of the framework; (IV) framework demonstration; (V) framework evaluation; (VI) framework communication (Peffers et al., 2008). This paper presents the integration between two conceptual bases, knowledge management (Spender, 1996; Alavi & Leidner, 2001; Ermine, Boughzala & Tounkara, 2006) and organizational resilience (Hollnagel, 2010; Van der Vorm et al., 2011; Hollnagel & Woods, 2006; Rigaud et al., 2013), presenting a framework for analyzing and characterizing critical knowledge in the perceptive of organizational resilience. The framework presented in this work has been tested and applied in technology-based companies whose complex socio-technical context is characterized as environments of a dynamic and turbulent nature. By analyzing their knowledge-intensive processes, it was possible to infer analyzes based on criticality factors, such as technical content, importance, difficulty of acquisition and transference and scarcity, minimizing possible risks to knowledge and making them visible. In this way, the application of the framework enables the identification and analysis of critical knowledge in its value creation process, reducing the risks of losing essential competencies and avoiding the reinvention of know-how of its employees. These critical knowledge identification actions are strategic for the development of the organization and are supported by the analysis of their resilience capabilities and the respective critical knowledge associated with them. The perspective of this framework points out knowledge management strategies for greater capacity of action and adequate reaction to the risks related to knowledge in turbulent environments for the organizations of this study, and can be expanded to other contexts.

The purpose of this paper is to propose an enlarged framework for defining and evaluating knowledge risk, by changing the paradigm of cognitive knowledge with that of the multifield theory of knowledge. So far, knowledge risk has been considered only from the perspective of explicit knowledge (i.e. rational knowledge) and tacit knowledge (i.e. experience). However, the concept of knowledge has been enriched with the multifield theory of knowledge which considers three fundamental forms of knowledge: rational, emotional, and spiritual. These three fields of knowledge imply a larger framework of defining and evaluating the knowledge risk. We propose a metaphorical approach in defining the knowledge spectrum and a critical thinking analysis in explaining the new dimensions of knowledge risk. The knowledge dynamics theory created by Ikujiro Nonaka is based on the iceberg metaphor, which considers only two forms of knowledge: explicit and tacit. Based on this metaphor, the knowledge risk framework has two dimensions: the explicit dimension used for the rational knowledge and the tacit dimension used for the experiential or know-how knowledge. The present paper introduces the energy metaphor for knowledge and defines the knowledge risk framework considering three dimensions: rational, emotional and spiritual. This methodology allows an enlarged and more realistic framework for the knowledge risk definition and evaluation. The energy metaphor allows for an entropic knowledge dynamics and better approach in the managerial decision-making in order to reduce the organizational knowledge risk. The outcomes of the application contributes to creating a sustainable knowledge management by developing new dynamic capabilities in evaluating the organizational knowledge risk and reducing its probable negative consequences. By using this approach mangers can realize a better balance of the organizational knowledge creation, acquisition and loss. Also, managers can design a better motivational system along the emotional dimension of the organizational knowledge, and improve the level of corporate social responsibility along the spiritual dimension of the organizational knowledge.

Shorter product life cycles, greater demands from consumers for sustainable and eco-friendly products and services, and thus the need for constant market observation make today’s business environment a rather complex one, the one that is characterized not only by a number of opportunities but also by a number of risks. These risks are increasingly related to knowledge which, in turn, underlines the need for an updated approach to risk management, i.e. one that covers knowledge risks as well. Although the role of knowledge in organizational performance is generally acknowledged and has been explored vastly, the study of risks related to knowledge or knowledge risk management is still in its infancy. Indeed, we lack an in-depth understanding of how organizations perceive and manage the possible downsides of knowledge. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to empirically investigate knowledge risk management in organizations. An international sample of organizations is surveyed to understand how knowledge risks are managed, what knowledge risks are managed and what tools and methods are used to manage these knowledge risks. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no quantitative study on knowledge risk management in organizations has been conducted and published in academic journals. Moreover, it is the first complex study dealing with a large number of potential knowledge risks, previous studies have tended to deal with one or two knowledge risks only (e.g. knowledge hiding, knowledge loss or knowledge spillover). The results of the study provide insights into the risk management of knowledge as well as knowledge risks that are managed by organizations of different size and from different sectors. Additionally, an overview of methods used to manage knowledge risks is made available. Based on the findings, managers and company owners can develop actions in order to improve their approach to knowledge risk management.

The purpose with this paper is to present insights on using the KBS out of a longitudinal perspective. We are interested in continuity and change of the Austrian KBS-framework and its perception within the last decade. Regarding design, methodology and the approach made and taken in this paper, Piber & Pietsch (2006) and Habersam et al. (2013) represent the groundwork for this longitudinal ‘retrospective’. In the present study, we continue the qualitative case study approach and extend the interview series from 2011 and 2012. This allows for a personal retrospective with two points of reference in time, as well as for a look forward in terms of how to develop the KBS further. In the present study, we continue the qualitative case study approach and extend the interview series from 2011 and 2012. The originality and value of this paper is related to the longitudinal approach as well as the connectivity between the IC-development in general and the more context specific development of the KBS. This connectivity also illuminates the more specific practical implications regarding aligning perceptions and competencies in relation to implementation, cost/benefit analysis and the continuous challenges related to managerial control and external governance aspects.

As many developing countries are embarking on establishing technology transfer practices within their universities, the study of successful technology transfer office (TTO) typologies in developed countries may serve as a frame of reference. The Maturity Model (MM) created by Secundo et al., (2016a) has proven that intangible indicators may be used to assess and improve the efficiency of academic entrepreneurship. Intellectual capital (IC) in a university is a set of intangible and knowledge assets, thus, it can be postulated that increased access to IC would lead to improved efficiency at academic entrepreneurship. TTO typologies exist in literature and this study aims to determine which type of TTO enables better access to IC. The self-assessment tool and MM created by Secundo et al., (2016a) measures the efficiency of academic entrepreneurship through intangible indicators grouped into six areas: human resources, intellectual property policy and strategy, networking, university-industry links, technology, and organization design and structure. Data was collected from 18 universities in Europe and 6 universities in the United Kingdom. It is assumed that efficient TTOs, as measured by the MM, would have maximum access to IC. Therefore, these TTOs may inform which TTO type would be best suited for developing countries. This methodology provides a new approach and perspective on utilizing IC to improve academic entrepreneurship. An indication of the level of access that the TTO has to IC, through its efficiency at academic entrepreneurship, is given. Furthermore, information on the type of TTO informs decisions around the organizational structure which new TTOs in developing countries may take. The results from this study can be used by university management in developing countries to determine the organizational structure of the TTO which would be best suited to their needs. It is proposed that a TTO type which maximizes access to and utilization of IC would lead to improved efficiency in academic entrepreneurship.

The university system can be considered as a key actor of innovation within national economic systems, since its main objectives are the production, dissemination and exploitation of the knowledge. The paper contributes to our understanding of transforming industry-university-government multistakeholder approach to the intellectual value co-creation models in socially responsible and innovative universities of Italy and Russia. A literature review is compared with empirical case study research of key Italian and Russian Universities intellectual value co-creation models based on secondary data interpreted via statistically tested results. Little has been suggested on the topic of intellectual value co-creation at the University–Business and Governmental levels in cross-cultural setting. The suggested methodology outlines the differences in close by culture countries. In Russia Government is still a driver for value cocreation, while in Italy it is more about business initiative. Italian Universities are better integrated into value-chains comparing to the Russian ones. The underlying research of this Italy-Russia stakeholder management model involves the development of complex analytical tools for quintuple helix value co-creation models in cross-cultural comparison. The above steps are followed with the development of recommendations on the regulation of the University –Business–Government cooperation quality in studied countries, as well as improve the efficiency of horizontal and learning relations between the subjects of multilateral cooperation.

This paper describes how, at the university level, sustainable business model creation in the clean-tech environment is taught using social learning within the context of interdisciplinary teams We propose an in-depth comparative case study approach, monitoring the development of creativity and learning in an entrepreneurial course context. The formation and careful curation of high-performing teams was initiated by targeting three dimensions of knowledge: declarative aspects such as lateral thinking about clean-tech (cognitive dimension); motivational and emotional aspects (affective dimension); application of affective and cognitive dimensions, creating the start-ups (skill-based dimension). In such a curated environment, the combination of business students and arts & design students specifically, produces more creative and from its outset more disruptive business models in the clean-tech industry. Previously, without arts & design students or design thinking methodology this failed to do so.

The main aspect of this paper is to analyse how family firms create the capabilities that foster the absorptive capacity, organizational memory and innovation in these companies. In this work, two important knowledge management capabilities are analysed. First, absorptive capacity, or the firm’s ability to identify, assimilate and exploit knowledge from the environment. Second, organizational memory or the accumulated body of data, information and knowledge created during the organization’s course of action. There is an increasing interest in studying family firms because they are the prevailing form of enterprise worldwide and because they are an important engine of economic growth and job creation in European economies, and product innovations generated by family firms are a key source of growth. In order to understand the family’s role in supporting knowledge management, this paper focuses on the influence of family in ownership and management, and experience of the generation in control. Furthermore, in family firms, innovation is important, since it allows the transmission of its wealth to later generations. However, this process requires the participation of internal stakeholders (employees, owners-managers) and external stakeholders (clients, suppliers or other organizations). This study tries to show how family businesses, within their particular idiosyncrasy, can confront these processes of learning and development of innovations. This aspect of crucial relevance to stay alive in the market has not been treated with the attention needed in previous literature. The present study investigates 249 Spanish manufacturing firms with more than 40 employees. The data was collected using a structured questionnaire via a webpage designed specifically for this purpose. Finally, a structural equation modelling (SEM) methodology was employed to test the hypotheses. Our results show, a positive relationship among organizational memory, absorptive capacity and product innovations. This relationship is further enhanced as organizational memory increases, since it mediates the relationship between potential and realizable absorptive capacity, but also there is a positive effect of absorptive capacity and innovation, what demonstrates that these capabilities are determinants of the development of successful innovations. Also, we have found evidence that family involvement in management fosters knowledge management capabilities (absorptive capacity and organizational memory), and also there is a positive direct relationship between family involvement in management and generation and innovation. These results have important implications about the role of family firms in knowledge management and innovation processes.

This paper aims to review the main contributions in the literature on service employees’ role in initiating innovation. By adopting a synthetic approach, we also aim to highlight the variant metaphors denoting service employees’ innovative conduct within the service innovation literature. The review of literature implicated diversified inclusion criteria when researching multiple databases for scholarly manuscripts; by adopting the synthesis approach to service innovation, it was possible to identify themes of interest that are relevant to service employees’ innovative behaviour in service and management literature. Considering the dominance of the synthesis approach to service innovation (Drejer, 2004; Nijssen et al., 2006), the emerging themes within the service innovation literature indicate further evidence of the application of the synthesis perspective. The highlighted main themes of creativity, innovative behaviour and service encounter-based innovation shared a synthesis orientation. The review of the existing body of literature also reflected considerable paucity in empirical studies underpinning service employees’ role in initiating innovation where there is little understanding of the nature and impact of this role. Multiple terminologies exist inconsistently in the service literature denoting service employees’ innovative conduct as the research on the topic continues to evolve. The review outcome also revealed that the present literature doesn’t adequately distinguish between the service industry’s cross-sector differences when determining service employees’ innovative conduct rather it adopts a collective approach that may not be applicable across all service industry subsectors. This paper provides a useful conceptual classification of the body of literature dealing with service employees’ role in initiating innovation that may help guide future research. The review of the literature included in this paper may help connecting the inconsistent metaphors of service employees’ innovative behaviour in the existing literature and highlight the gaps to be addressed by future studies.

To support creation and exploitation of expert systems and knowledge bases by non-programmers for the industrial safety expertise. We propose an approach and a tool for designing rule-based expert systems (ES) and knowledge bases (KB) using the modified (adopted) model-driven development (MDD) approach; in particular, we employ a model-driven architecture (MDA). The purpose of this paper is to describe the adaptation (modification) and application of the MDA/MDD approach for designing rule-based KBs and ESs. The proposed modification uses the main principles of MDA/MDD (e.g., model types and creation stages), and it also considers the features of developing intelligent systems, in particular, rule-based ESs and KBs through specialization and redefinition of certain models and stages. In particular, we suggest the following: – using ontologies and conceptual models to represent a computation-independent model; – using the original author’s notation – a rule visual modelling language (RVML) to improve the visibility of representations of cause-effect relations for designing platform-independent models; – using a CLIPS (C language integration production system) as the platform model; – defining the rules of model transformation in accordance with the principles of the MDA/MDD in the context of designing KBs and ESs. The proposed approach is designed for non-programmers: experts and system analytics who are able to develop only two information models: a CIM (ontology) and PIMs (models of a rule-based KB and ES). In this case, it is possible to automate the PIMs’ creation with automated analyses of conceptual models. According to the MDA/MDD approach, other models are either integrated into the software that implements the approach or they are created automatically. The benefits of the proposed approach in comparison with the standard method of ES development are as follows: – a significant reduction of time for the implementation stage and the elimination of programming errors through automatic code generation; – a reduction in time for the identification, conceptualization, and formalization stages due to the use of an ontology and cognitive graphics. The proposed approach is implemented in the form of a research prototype of software (Personal Knowledge Base Designer) that is intended for the rapid development of prototypes of rule-based KBs and ESs. The main advantages of the personal knowledge base designer are listed below: the built-in editor of models; integration with IBM Rational Rose (in terms of imports of UML-models); generation of CLIPS code and specifications for the interpreter; using models at runtime. The proposed approach and the tool are used in Irkutsk Research and Design Institute of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering (IrkutskNIIhimmash). The main effect of its using is achieved both in research to identify laws of change for the technical conditions of the petrochemical objects (pipes, apparatus and etc.) and in the industrial safety expertise. The reported study was partially supported by RFBR (research projects No. 16-37-00041, 15-07-05641).

We have been witnessing a real explosion of information, due in large part to the development in Information and Knowledge Technologies (ICTs). As information is the raw material for the discovery of knowledge, there has been a rapid growth, both in the scientific community and in ICT itself, in the study of the Big Data phenomenon (Kaisler et al., 2014). The concept of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a way of rethinking how to produce and consume energy imposed by economic, political and ecological issues (Lund, 2014). To become a reality, SGs must be supported by intelligent and autonomous IT systems to make the right decisions in real time. Knowledge needed for real-time decision-making can only be achieved if SGs are equipped with systems capable of efficiently managing all the surrounding information. Thus, this paper proposes a system for the management of information in the context of SG to enable the monitoring, in real time, of the events that occur in the ecosystem and to predict following events. The proposed system is based on the Apache Spark to provide in real-time a streaming and distributed processing. This knowledge management system architecture supports the development of enhanced data, information and knowledge analysis and management methodologies. This work proposes a novel data selection methodology that filters big volumes of data, so that only the most relevant and correlated information is used in the decision-making process in each given context. New challenges arise with the upsurge of a Big Data era. Correlations between a huge data volume unstructured are often wrong when methods are dependent on data itself. It becomes more important than ever to know what to ignore and focus on what is important. It is in this scope that this paper gives its contribution. The proposed methodology searches correlations in data and only the most relevant data is used in each context. Data use is thus adapted to each situation, improving the forecasting process by reducing the data variability. The data filtering process also provides its contribution by reducing the forecasting execution time by using less, but more adequate data, in the training process. Using the proposed methodology, training data can be chosen automatically accordingly to the data relevance and correlation for each problem, preventing the use of excessive and ambiguous data; and preventing an over-filtering of data that often comes from using only small amounts of highly correlated data while discarding information that could be relevant but whose value is not easily perceived. A case study is presented, considering the application of the proposed methodology. Results show that the data selection increases the forecasting effectiveness, as well as the computational efficiency of the forecasts, by using less yet more adequate data.

Existing big data research has largely been based on the “3 V’s” of data volume, velocity of input and output, and data variety. However big data becomes useful when it enriches decision-making that is enhanced by application of analytical techniques and some element of human interaction. With the merging of data and information vs. knowledge and intelligence, we see and investigate an opportunity for cross-fertilization between big data/business analytics and the fields of knowledge management (KM), and related disciplines. In this work, we develop big data governance framework by analyzing different dimensions and layers of big data and data governance concepts and interconnections. Knowledge have to guide big data governance trajectories and stimulate big data governance on complements. Big Data is a subset of different features and could be presented by developed taxonomy that includes data, compute and storage infrastructures, analytics, visualization, security/privacy and industry domains. Based on theoretical conceptualization, combined with empirical evidence, we propose a framework for big data governance related with multi-level taxonomy with more than 100 entities. The paper for the first time provides a broad overview of big data concept modelling using taxonomies and data management tasks. We have investigated the ten knowledge areas of big data governance and created a Big Data Governance framework. The Big Data Governance framework could be used for planning, oversight, and control over big data management and the use of big data and big data knowledge-related resources.

The paper analyses the use of projective techniques (PTs) as tool for stimulating company’s innovative thinking during its life cycle and, through a case study, shows how these techniques can be successfully applied to support ‘idea generation’ during the start-up phase. The case study has been developed at Intertwine, an italian start-up and has provided practical insights helpful to better understand how PTs can be employed to stimulate innovative thinking among founders, manager and employees and to hear potential consumers’ voices.

The purpose of the paper is to explore which are “the driving forces” of new ideas search in knowledge intensive business services (KIBS) companies having different knowledge bases. In particular, the study bases on the assumption that the level of structuring and formalization of the process of service development and ideas search can affect the level of innovativeness of the final product. Considering close and consistent relations of KIBS companies with their clients and customers another factor investigated in the paper is the degree of influence of the clients and market on the innovativeness of the product. Such connection was scarcely studied in previous literature since the researchers developed mostly theoretical models of innovation process in KIBS and service companies without testing them enough in practice. Furthermore, this study takes into account that different KIBS companies have different knowledge bases and that this can affect their business processes. Those bases are denoted as analytical, synthetic and symbolic where the terms clearly indicate their distinctive characteristics. Some studies pointed out that KIBS companies with different knowledge bases not only have different approaches to their innovation activities but also obtain different outcomes (Strambach, 2008, Pina and Tether, 2016). The case study method was adopted due to the exploratory nature of the research, novelty of the topic as well as the intention to analyse it at a practical level (Yin, 2003). Ten companies of different KIBS sectors were investigated which helped to analyse the NSD process in totally different environments characterized by different knowledge bases. The research was international and included companies from Italy, UK and Russia. The paper investigates the topic scarcely studied in the literature. Considering the selection of a sample of cases, the study allowed to investigate companies performing different activities and possessing different kinds of knowledge base. The research confirmed the propositions of previous researchers that companies with analytical and symbolic knowledge bases produce more innovative products. At the same time the research revealed that companies with “not pure knowledge base” (companies that combine two knowledge bases) create more innovative ideas if their PD/SD process is structured and codified. The research can help KIBS companies to understand how they can improve their Product/Service Development processes, and which models exist for the search and introduction of innovative ideas for new products/services.

To solve the main strategic aim of the technical – economic development of the national economy of Russia. Generation of the new ideas which are carried out by subjects of a hi-tech split causes quality socially now – economic development of national farms and prosperity of society. We propose an integrated approach, which gives the opportunity to formulate the complex strategy. This strategy is based on formation of the breakthrough innovative direction in Russia. In our opinion, Russia needs to choose the strategy according to which making use of experience of other countries, it is necessary to consider the following offers: 1) the state should carry out orders from budgets of various levels for support of the major branches of a hi-tech split: aviation, space-rocket, ship-building, separate types of the construction industry; 2) it is necessary to form more actively joint ventures with foreign subjects for the purpose of production of innovative production as part of domestic producers possess the uninvolved hi-tech equipment, both highly skilled scientific and production workers that is of interest to foreign partners; 3) for domestic subjects of a hi-tech split it is very important to intensify interaction with the large-scale domestic enterprises needing innovations. 4) it is necessary to increase export of the Russian innovative production with an exit to new segments of sales markets of the developed national farms with diversification of the directions of sale and maximizing profits for updating of business assets, creation of new types of production and preparation of highly qualified personnel. The results of application of the strategy of innovative improvement of interaction between the research sectors and subsectors of the economy with active state and private financing developed by the authors will allow to overcome not only the divergence of the real and financial sectors, but will also allow Russia to enter the sixth technological order to be competitive. Now the foundation of this strategy is laid by the Decree of the Russian President V. V. Putin No. 596 of May 7, 2012. “About long-term state economic policy” in which innovative technical and economic development of the industry real Russia due to large investments into development of a hi-tech split by internal, and external direct investments in new technologies, the high-tech equipment, industrial and innovative projects in general is defined by a priority.